{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:32:08Z","timestamp":1788481928429,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Exp Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Prospective memory (PM), the ability to plan and execute intentions in the future, plays a critical role in managing everyday tasks. A gap exists in our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying PM retrieval based on semantic judgment, particularly when using picture-based stimuli. The current study tested 2 novel picture-based semantic-judgment PM tasks: Animal-cued Prospective Retrieval Task (Ac-PRT) and Object-cued Prospective Retrieval Task (Oc-PRT), designed to investigate PM processes involved in intention formation (Cue trials), intention retention (Ongoing trials), and intention retrieval (PM Retrieval trials). Twenty-three young adults, aged 18 to 30\u2009years, completed the tasks while EEG data were recorded. Behavioral results showed that participants responded more slowly during Ongoing trials compared to Cue and PM Retrieval trials and were less accurate during PM Retrieval trials. Additionally, between the tasks, responses were faster and more accurate in Ac-PRT than in Oc-PRT during both Ongoing and PM Retrieval trials. ERP analyses revealed distinct neural signatures across trial types, particularly in P2, N2, N4, and Parietal Positivity (PP) components in both tasks. Additionally, task-specific differences were observed during the PM Retrieval trials in P2, N4, and PP amplitudes and in PP amplitude during the Ongoing trials. These findings demonstrate that the 2 tasks effectively dissociated core PM processes and showed category-specific differences in behavioral and neural mechanisms, offering a robust framework for future investigations of PM in aging and clinical populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/26331055251393541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T09:46:13Z","timestamp":1763718373000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Investigating Prospective Memory Processes: ERP Evidence from Novel Semantic Judgment Tasks"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7797-9070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliza","family":"Baby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9844-7078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shraddha A.","family":"Shende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Illinois State University, Normal, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9927-960X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sally Grace","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2957-1462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Rzepa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0170-0554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raksha A.","family":"Mudar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.16.4.717"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.18.3.461"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-023-09626-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acp.775"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.29.3.347"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2013.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2015.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/1618-3169.52.4.243"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20445911.2013.865628"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-022-02059-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cogp.1999.0734"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","first-page":"407","article-title":"Complex prospective memory in children with ADHD","volume":"12","author":"Kliegel M","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kliegel M, Ropeter A, Mackinlay R. Complex prospective memory in children with ADHD. Child Neuropsychol J Norm Abnorm Dev Child Adolesc. 2006;12(6):407-419.","journal-title":"Child Neuropsychol J Norm Abnorm Dev Child Adolesc"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11689-009-9030-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pag0000352"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","first-page":"77","article-title":"Individual differences in working memory capacity predict benefits to memory from intention offloading","volume":"30","author":"Ball H","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ball H, Peper P, Alakbarova D, Brewer G, Gilbert SJ. Individual differences in working memory capacity predict benefits to memory from intention offloading. Mem Hove Engl. 2022;30(2):77-91.","journal-title":"Mem Hove Engl"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09658211.2018.1436180"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(00)00149-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(02)00327-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2007.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-018-0617-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2006.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.686040"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-023-05229-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105355"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015535"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2011.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.02.079"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2022.119392"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0319213"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200109170-00020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617718000152"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2019.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.23.1.203"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031659"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.7.3.471"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.12.2.314"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2006.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2011.10.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bht116"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2014.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195115536.003.0002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207590344000178"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781452225913"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/MC.38.3.304"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2010.12.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pchj.24"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2013.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2016.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13421-016-0628-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-6410(01)00014-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/CABN.2.2.162"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2004.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2015.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2007.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000443698"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12050533"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2009.01.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/122.5.943"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhi123"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-8-24"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5265-13.2014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.6.2.174"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_2","unstructured":"Introducing the CRL International Picture-Naming Project (CRL-IPNP). 2000. ResearchGate. Accessed April 21 2025. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/237433166_Introducing_the_CRL_International_Picture-Naming_Project_CRL-IPNP"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00213"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rugg MD Coles MGH eds. Electrophysiology of Mind: Event-Related Brain Potentials and Cognition. Oxford University Press; 1995:xii 220.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198524168.003.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2007.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2007.04.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_2","unstructured":"R Core Team. R A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing 2023 References - Scientific Research Publishing. Accessed August 14 2025. https:\/\/www.scirp.org\/reference\/referencespapers?referenceid=3582659"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_75_2","unstructured":"Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using lme4. ResearchGate. Published 2015. Accessed April 21 2025. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/263352347_Fitting_Linear_Mixed-Effects_Models_Using_lme4"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_76_2","first-page":"97","article-title":"Dissociating prospective memory from vigilance processes?","volume":"22","author":"Brandimonte M","year":"2001","unstructured":"Brandimonte M, Ferrante D, Feresin C, Delbello R. Dissociating prospective memory from vigilance processes? Psicol\u00f3gica Rev Metodol Psicol Exp. 2001;22(No 1):97-114.","journal-title":"Psicol\u00f3gica Rev Metodol Psicol Exp"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.134.3.327"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2010.12.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.33.4.734"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xlm0000400"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-023-02658-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0963-7214.2005.00382.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.24.2.336"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.12.3.479"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13421-013-0357-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0023232"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-6918(77)90012-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2009.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10339-010-0372-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2009.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02643290244000176"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(03)00159-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-013-0564-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0860-60"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_95_2","volume-title":"Visual Perception: Physiology, Psychology, & Ecology","author":"Bruce V","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bruce V, Green PR, Georgeson MA, eds. Visual Perception: Physiology, Psychology, & Ecology. 4th ed. Psychology Press; 2003:xii, 483.","edition":"4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203427248"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1996.tb02117.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199908200-00041"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2009.00845.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2018.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107906"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/CABN.7.4.356"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2014.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.093008.131123"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-018-1527-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00657"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-014-0566-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7350657"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2005.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2011.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2740"}],"container-title":["Neuroscience Insights"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/26331055251393541","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/26331055251393541","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/26331055251393541","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T21:03:59Z","timestamp":1777410239000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/26331055251393541"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":110,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/26331055251393541"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/26331055251393541","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/26331055251393541\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/26331055251393541\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/26331055251393541\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/26331055251393541\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/26331055251393541\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/26331055251393541\/v1\/review3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/26331055251393541\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/26331055251393541\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/26331055251393541\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/26331055251393541\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2633-1055","2633-1055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2633-1055","type":"print"},{"value":"2633-1055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"article-number":"26331055251393541"}}