{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:05:27Z","timestamp":1789776327484,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Multimorbidity and Comorbidity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Population ageing has increased the burden of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM), defined as the presence of two or more cardiometabolic diseases. Functional mobility is a marker of systemic ageing and adverse health outcomes, but its association with CMM remains unclear among Chinese adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were from 16,032 adults aged \u226545 years in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011\u20132018). Functional limitation was assessed using Activities of Daily Living and a seven-item mobility scale. The primary exposure was a standardised composite score based on the equal-weighted average of the two standardised indicators. PCA-derived, ADL-only, mobility-only, and Winsorised composite scores were examined in sensitivity analyses. Cross-sectional associations were estimated using multivariable logistic regression, and longitudinal associations using generalised estimating equations with time-varying covariates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher functional limitation was consistently associated with increased odds of CMM. In cross-sectional analyses, each standard-deviation increment in the functional limitation composite score was associated with 46% higher odds of CMM (odds ratio = 1.46; 95% confidence interval: 1.35\u20131.58; p &lt; 0.001). In longitudinal analyses with time-varying covariates, the corresponding increase was 37% (odds ratio = 1.37; 95% confidence interval: 1.28\u20131.46; p &lt; 0.001). A graded pattern was also observed across functional limitation tertiles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Poorer functional mobility was associated with CMM among middle-aged and older adults in China in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Simple functional assessments may help characterize groups with greater cardiometabolic burden and may be useful in clinical assessment and monitoring in ageing populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/26335565261490115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T20:48:01Z","timestamp":1789591681000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Functional mobility and cardiometabolic multimorbidity: Evidence from the China health and retirement longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0526-2364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuhan","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","volume-title":"World Population Ageing 2019: Highlights","author":"United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division","year":"2019","unstructured":"United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. 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Version D (2011\u20132018)","author":"Phillips D","year":"2021","unstructured":"Phillips D, Green H, Petrosyan S, et al. Harmonized CHARLS Documentation. Version D (2011\u20132018). Gateway to Global Aging Data, 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1963.03060120024016"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02310555"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0071325"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-815739-8.00012-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177705900"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_19_2","unstructured":"The State Council of the People\u2019s Republic of China. 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