{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T21:14:08Z","timestamp":1780089248871,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684886400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of the study was to examine factors associated with food insecurity among Medicare beneficiaries with type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 2019 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey Public Use File of beneficiaries\u2009\u226565\u2009years old with type 2 diabetes (n\u2009=\u20091343) was analyzed. A binary variable was created to represent food insecurity (1\u2009=\u2009food insecurity, 0\u2009=\u2009without food insecurity) with \u22652 affirmative responses adapting an established algorithm of the United States Department of Agriculture food insecurity questionnaire. A survey-weighted logistic model was performed to examine factors (ie, sociodemographic characteristics, health status, and insurance coverage) associated with food insecurity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Approximately 11.6% of study Medicare beneficiaries with type 2 diabetes reported food insecurity. Non-Hispanic Black beneficiaries were more likely to report food insecurity than non-Hispanic White beneficiaries. Beneficiaries with incomes\u2009&lt;\u2009$25\u2009000 were more likely to report food insecurity than those with higher incomes. Beneficiaries enrolled in Medicare Advantage programs (vs traditional Medicare), having Medicare-Medicaid dual eligibility (vs nondual), and living with instrumental activities of daily living or activities of daily living limitations (vs without) were also more likely to report food insecurity than their respective counterparts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sociodemographic disparities in food insecurity were observed among Medicare beneficiaries with type 2 diabetes. Implementation of screening protocols, interventions related to social determinants of health, and the diabetes care continuum may mitigate the prevalence of food insecurity in this demographic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/26350106231173674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T02:39:28Z","timestamp":1684982368000},"page":"291-302","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Food Insecurity Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Type 2 Diabetes: Implications for Diabetes Care and Education Specialists"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"McKayla","family":"Massey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YunYing","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disability, Aging, and Technology Cluster, College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida"},{"name":"Department of Hospitality Services, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0171-5000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacqueline B.","family":"LaManna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6070-661X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boon Peng","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disability, Aging, and Technology Cluster, College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-26350106231173674","unstructured":"United States Department of Agriculture: Economic Research Service. Definitions of food security. October 17, 2022. Accessed May 4, 2023. https:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/topics\/food-nutrition-assistance\/food-security-in-the-u-s\/definitions-of-food-security\/#:~:text=Food%20insecurity%E2%80%94the%20condition%20assessed,may%20result%20from%20food%20insecurity"},{"key":"bibr2-26350106231173674","unstructured":"Ziliak J, Gundersen C. The state of senior hunger in America in 2020: an annual report. Report for Feeding America. Feeding America. 2022. Accessed July 16, 2022. https:\/\/www.feedingamerica.org\/research\/senior-hunger-research"},{"key":"bibr3-26350106231173674","unstructured":"United States Department of Agriculture: Economic Research Service. Food security and nutrition assistance. October 18, 2022. Accessed May 4, 2023. https:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/data-products\/ag-and-food-statistics-charting-the-essentials\/food-security-and-nutrition-assistance\/#:~:text=The%20prevalence%20of%20food%20insecurity,had%20very%20low%20food%20security"},{"key":"bibr4-26350106231173674","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21551197.2015.1054575"},{"key":"bibr5-26350106231173674","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Diabetes Statistics Report, 2020. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Dept of Health and Human Services; 2020. 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Medicare current beneficiary survey. Accessed July 20, 2022. https:\/\/www.cms.gov\/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems\/Files-for-Order\/LimitedDataSets\/MCBS"},{"key":"bibr24-26350106231173674","unstructured":"Bickel G, Nord M, Price C, Hamilton W, Cook J. Guide to measuring household food security, revised 2000. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service. March 2000. 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