{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T11:56:41Z","timestamp":1777982201412,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]],"date-time":"2024-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724112000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020430","name":"College of Human Environmental Sciences, University of Alabama","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020430","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to explore symptom management experiences among college students with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Limited qualitative data using a theoretical framework exist that explore the self-care behavior processes for symptom management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A qualitative approach was used for this study. The middle-range theory of self care of chronic illness served as a framework for data collection and analysis procedures. Data collection included distributing a survey to collect participants\u2019 demographic and sociodemographic data and utilizing a semi-structured interview guide to conduct one-on-one interviews with 31 participants. Interviews occurred via Zoom (n = 28) and in person (n = 3). Interview transcripts were uploaded in NVivo for data management. The research team created a codebook using theoretical constructs to assist with thematic analysis. Data are representative of a sample whose characteristics include undergraduate students ages 18 to 23 living with T1DM for 2 years or more who attended large, public, 4-year universities located in the southeastern United States.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three main themes were created using theoretical constructs: symptom detection experiences, symptom interpretation experiences, and symptom response experiences. Two subthemes were identified for each theme. Participants engaged in symptom management for blood glucose regulation through detecting changes in their blood glucose physiologically and via technology. Additionally, symptom interpretation involved analyzing blood glucose trends and determining common causes of blood glucose changes. Symptom response included immediately addressing hypoglycemia but delayed responses addressing hyperglycemia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Challenges were present responding to hypoglycemia; therefore, additional research is warranted to improve symptom response skills.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/26350106241268412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]],"date-time":"2024-08-20T08:03:42Z","timestamp":1724141022000},"page":"339-351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exploring Symptom Management Experiences Among College Students With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Using a Theoretical Framework: A Qualitative Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9503-5374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ny\u2019Nika T.","family":"McFadden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Human Performance, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda H.","family":"Wilkerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beth H.","family":"Chaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heather J.","family":"Carmack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Jaiswal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael L.","family":"Stellefson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kylie","family":"Lovett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-26350106241268412","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0193945920976602"},{"key":"bibr2-26350106241268412","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(20)30042-5"},{"key":"bibr3-26350106241268412","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0749-2081(87)80014-1"},{"key":"bibr4-26350106241268412","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30476\/IJCBNM.2020.81690.0"},{"key":"bibr5-26350106241268412","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.15500"},{"key":"bibr6-26350106241268412","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2015.09.004"},{"key":"bibr7-26350106241268412","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.10.005"},{"key":"bibr8-26350106241268412","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0145721718782148"},{"key":"bibr9-26350106241268412","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12496"},{"key":"bibr10-26350106241268412","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2008.02413.x"},{"key":"bibr11-26350106241268412","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2050312114527443"},{"key":"bibr12-26350106241268412","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ANS.0000000000000237"},{"key":"bibr13-26350106241268412","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/ds21-0107"},{"key":"bibr14-26350106241268412","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-021-05568-3"},{"key":"bibr15-26350106241268412","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcomm.2020.510278"},{"key":"bibr16-26350106241268412","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7748\/nr.22.6.22.e1344"},{"key":"bibr17-26350106241268412","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19325037.2024.2338463"},{"key":"bibr18-26350106241268412","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08901171241233407"},{"key":"bibr19-26350106241268412","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2018.03.019"},{"key":"bibr20-26350106241268412","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-015-0237-6"},{"key":"bibr21-26350106241268412","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2158244014522"},{"key":"bibr22-26350106241268412","volume-title":"Qualitative Research From Start to Finish","author":"Yin RK.","year":"2015","edition":"2"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr23-26350106241268412","first-page":"121","volume":"23","author":"Amankwaa L.","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cult Divers"},{"key":"bibr24-26350106241268412","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00401150"},{"key":"bibr25-26350106241268412","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102351"},{"key":"bibr26-26350106241268412","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6611064"},{"key":"bibr27-26350106241268412","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-1004"},{"key":"bibr28-26350106241268412","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-0030"},{"key":"bibr29-26350106241268412","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2016.0349"},{"key":"bibr30-26350106241268412","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31535-5"},{"key":"bibr31-26350106241268412","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4158\/EP161392.CS"},{"key":"bibr32-26350106241268412","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.13290"},{"key":"bibr33-26350106241268412","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102525"},{"key":"bibr34-26350106241268412","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/diabetes.8299"},{"key":"bibr35-26350106241268412","unstructured":"Dexcom Clarity. 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