{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T05:24:15Z","timestamp":1793942655547,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014598","name":"MannKind Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014598","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to (1) describe characteristics of people who have used inhaled insulin (Afrezza), (2) explore their experiences with obtaining and using inhaled insulin, and (3) assess perceived impacts of inhaled insulin on quality of life (QoL) related to diabetes management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross-sectional survey was collected from adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) or latent autoimmune diabetes (LADA) who currently use or previously used inhaled insulin. Participants were recruited from the T1D Exchange Registry. All participants responded to survey questions regarding their experiences with inhaled insulin; responses were compared between current and past users using Welch\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      tests or were summarized using descriptive statistics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The sample included 151 respondents (89 current users and 62 past users), most of whom used a continuous glucose monitor (96%) and self-reported an A1C &lt;7% (77%). On a 5-point scale, the most important consideration for continuation of inhaled insulin reported among current users was perceived effectiveness in lowering glucose levels (M = 4.8), while the most important consideration for discontinuation among past users was the out-of-pocket cost (M = 3.4). Using a 5-point Likert scale, overall QoL ratings were higher (mean difference = 0.8, 95% CI, 0.61.0]) among current users (M = 4.3) compared with past users (M = 3.5).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a real-world sample of people with T1D and LADA, current users felt that Afrezza positively impacted their daily lives. Still, barriers to access remain. Efforts to reduce financial and obtainment obstacles may support broader use of inhaled insulin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/26350106261475926","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T11:33:38Z","timestamp":1788780818000},"page":"393-405","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Experiences With Inhaled Insulin in a Real-World Sample of Adults With Type 1 Diabetes in the T1D Exchange Registry"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8962-7613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathleen A.","family":"Willoughby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"T1D Exchange, Inc, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huyen T.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"T1D Exchange, Inc, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6167-9198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine S.","family":"Chapman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"T1D Exchange, Inc, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3995-2140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan E.","family":"Peter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"T1D Exchange, Inc, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1644-5947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grazia","family":"Aleppo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3885-3356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wendy A.","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"T1D Exchange, Inc, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112277"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/cd22-as01"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/cd17-0119"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.108752"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296813514319"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296817700545"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4568903"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19322968231187661"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17179\/2025-8260"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-015-0472-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","unstructured":"MannKind Corporation. MannKind Corporation announces FDA approval of Afrezza(R); a novel rapid-acting inhaled insulin for the treatment of diabetes. 2014. Accessed August 20 2025. https:\/\/investors.mannkindcorp.com\/news-releases\/news-release-details\/mannkind-corporation-announces-fda-approval-afrezzar-novel-rapid"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","first-page":"735","article-title":"Afrezza (insulin human) inhalation powder: a new inhaled insulin for the management of type-1 or type-2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"40","author":"Goldberg T","year":"2015","unstructured":"Goldberg T, Wong E. Afrezza (insulin human) inhalation powder: a new inhaled insulin for the management of type-1 or type-2 diabetes mellitus. P T Peer-Rev J Formul Manag. 2015;40(11):735-741.","journal-title":"P T Peer-Rev J Formul Manag"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-021-01084-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","unstructured":"Brannan MD. Unstuck: battling clinical inertia in diabetes management with technology and innovation. 2015. Accessed August 20 2025. https:\/\/www.contemporaryclinic.com\/view\/unstuck-battling-clinical-inertia-in-diabetes-management-with-technology-and-innovation?page=4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","first-page":"40","article-title":"Afrezza (insulin human) inhalation powder approved for the treatment of patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes","volume":"8","author":"Fala L.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fala L. Afrezza (insulin human) inhalation powder approved for the treatment of patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. 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Welcome to the Afrezza savings program. 2026. 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