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To select promising phage candidates, this study aimed to characterize\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia<\/jats:italic>\n                      phages with potential against swine-associated\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Four\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      phages were characterized for morphology, efficiency of plating, temperature stability, tolerance of simulated gastric fluid, long-term storage in various solutions, and lytic activity of individual and combined phages against pathogenic\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      in tryptic soy broth and simulated intestinal fluid.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All phages exhibited infectivity and stability across 4\u00b0C\u201345\u00b0C, with varying sensitivity to low pH. The phages maintained stability in culture medium and select buffers at 4\u00b0C for at least 52 weeks. All phages exhibited significant lytic activity, with the cocktail showing enhanced reduction in certain conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These four\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia<\/jats:italic>\n                      phages demonstrate potential as biosanitation agents for swine housing and biocontrol strategies against swine colibacillosis, warranting further\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in\u00a0vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      investigation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/26416549251406398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T10:05:11Z","timestamp":1770977111000},"page":"131-138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characterization of\n                    <i>Escherichia<\/i>\n                    Phages Targeting Swine Colibacillosis as Potential Biosanitation and Therapeutic Agents"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Napakhwan","family":"Imklin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narut","family":"Thanantong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Farm Resources and Production Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somchai","family":"Sajapitak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rujikan","family":"Nasanit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2022.662-671"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-024-03760-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01867-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2021.103863"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.793135"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109872"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocontrol.2021.104817"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10040421"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2025.116333"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2014.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/phage.2023.0020"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-46-1-87"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c7nr07182e"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","unstructured":"R Core Team. 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