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Bacteriophage therapy could be an adjunctive treatment for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. faecium<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We isolated four new\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Minhovirus<\/jats:italic>\n                      phages using\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. faecium<\/jats:italic>\n                      strain ATCC 19434 as a host.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Phage genomes were each \u223c19 kb in length, and were highly related to each other and to other previously isolated\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Minhovirus<\/jats:italic>\n                      phages. Host range testing suggested a narrow spectrum of activity.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      -evolved phage-resistant mutants acquired mutations in the enterococcal polysaccharide antigen (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">epa<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and capsular polysaccharide (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">cps<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) loci. Additional testing found that some phages were able to infect\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. faecium<\/jats:italic>\n                      clinical isolates with similar\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">epa<\/jats:italic>\n                      loci, further implicating\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">epa<\/jats:italic>\n                      as a putative receptor for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Minhovirus<\/jats:italic>\n                      phage infection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall, this study increases our understanding of phages that target\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. faecium<\/jats:italic>\n                      and increases the number of characterized phages that are active against this important pathogen.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/26416549251413133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T10:08:41Z","timestamp":1770977321000},"page":"147-155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Characterization of\n                    <i>Enterococcus faecium<\/i>\n                    -Targeting\n                    <i>Minhovirus<\/i>\n                    Bacteriophages"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Eric","family":"Evans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA."},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinjiro","family":"Ojima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, Japan National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wakana","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, Japan National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kotaro","family":"Kiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, Japan National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daria","family":"Van Tyne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA."},{"name":"Center for Innovative Antimicrobial Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.BAD-0014-2016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-091213-113003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","unstructured":"CDC. 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