{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T03:11:43Z","timestamp":1793675503164,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779494400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R35GM136396"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35GM136396"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PHAGE: Therapy, Applications, and Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      infecting phages are one of the attractive alternatives to treat antibiotic-resistant infections. Here, we aimed to isolate\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      phages and study their lysis genes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The water samples were collected from the Texas A&amp;M University (TAMU) wastewater treatment plant, Texas and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      Typhi LT2 was used as a host strain. Host range, life cycle, growth kinetics, and thermal stability were studied. The predicted lysis genes were subsequently evaluated with the \u03bb complementation method.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Two\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      myoviruses, Manna and Mansal, belonging to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Tequatrovirus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Kuttervirus<\/jats:italic>\n                      genera, respectively, were isolated. The lysis genes of Manna are all closely related to the T4 counterparts. The Mansal gp21 was shown to be a class I holin by complementation tests.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mansal was found to exhibit canonical lysis inhibition (LIN) but has no homologs of the T4 LIN genes\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">rI<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">rIII<\/jats:italic>\n                      , thus representing the first experimentally confirmed LIN system among class I holins.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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