{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T10:42:15Z","timestamp":1786185735360,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Women's Health Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Sex and gender influence disease mechanisms and outcomes, yet their integration into medical curricula remains limited. Faculty knowledge and confidence are essential for effective incorporation. This study assessed baseline sex- and gender-specific health (SGSH) knowledge, attitudes, and comfort among medical school educators and delivered a multi-format faculty development intervention. A survey adapted from prior SGSH assessments was distributed to medical school block leaders before the intervention, measuring SGSH knowledge, comfort differentiating sex and gender, awareness of SGSH resources, and readiness to integrate SGSH content. The intervention included virtual and in-person grand rounds, distribution of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">How Sex and Gender Impact Clinical Practice<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and a screening of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ms. Diagnosed<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Of the 103 invited to participate, 68 educators (66% response rate) completed the baseline survey. Forty percent reported no prior SGSH training, and only 13.2% felt very comfortable with SGSH concepts. Although 94.1% correctly identified gender as a social construct and sex assignment at birth, 22% remained uncomfortable distinguishing the two. More than 80% were neutral or uncomfortable identifying SGSH resources. Comfort with curriculum integration varied: 45.6% felt comfortable, 32.4% neutral, and 22.1% uncomfortable, with differences observed across specialties. These findings reveal significant gaps in medical educators\u2019 SGSH knowledge and comfort regardless of experience, with SGSH content narrowly confined to reproductive health topics. Simply providing resources is insufficient; educators need structured guidance on integration. By outlining baseline gaps and an intervention model, this study offers a framework for institutions seeking to enhance SGSH integration through interactive, longitudinal, multi-format faculty development approaches.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/26884844261473350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T05:19:21Z","timestamp":1785993561000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Advancing Medical Education in Sex- and Gender-Based Mechanisms of Disease: Current Educator Knowledge and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8714-3164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mina","family":"Al-Badri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Women\u2019s Health Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Dheyaa","family":"Marsool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Women\u2019s Health Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Rydberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph G.","family":"Hentz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew R.","family":"Buras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaxon K.","family":"Quillen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9898-8405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana M.","family":"Kling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Women\u2019s Health Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA."},{"name":"Mayo Clinic Center for Women\u2019s Health, Rochester, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28575"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2019.8247"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-023-08170-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(23)00055-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab370"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2004.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104861"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","first-page":"S64","article-title":"Sex, gender, and the opioid epidemic: Crucial implications for acute care","volume":"6","author":"Walter LA","year":"2022","unstructured":"10.Walter LA, , Bunnell S, , Wiesendanger K, et al. Sex, gender, and the opioid epidemic: Crucial implications for acute care. AEM Educ Train 2022;6(Suppl 1):S64\u2013S70.","journal-title":"AEM Educ Train"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2021.01.015"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","first-page":"2133","article-title":"Women\u2019s health research: Progress, pitfalls, and promise","volume":"48","author":"Snooks MK","year":"2011","unstructured":"12.Snooks MK. Women\u2019s health research: Progress, pitfalls, and promise. Choice 2011;48(11):2133.","journal-title":"Choice"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2010.2469"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-021-00397-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2022.0222"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S40037-019-00547-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22454\/PRiMER.2025.910249"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014107680710000102"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-016-0097-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genm.2012.01.006"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","first-page":"Doc65","article-title":"Integration of gender-specific aspects into medical curricula\u2013status quo and future perspectives","volume":"29","author":"Pfleiderer B","year":"2012","unstructured":"21.Pfleiderer B, , Burghaus D, , Bayer G, et al. Integration of gender-specific aspects into medical curricula\u2013status quo and future perspectives. GMS Z Med Ausbild 2012;29(5):Doc65.","journal-title":"GMS Z Med Ausbild"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12040612"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2012.4193"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/mep.20959.1"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","first-page":"48","article-title":"Impact of a novel sex- and gender-based medicine preclinical elective","volume":"102","author":"Barron R","year":"2019","unstructured":"25.Barron R, , Jarman AF, , Kamine T, et al. Impact of a novel sex- and gender-based medicine preclinical elective. 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