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O\u2019Donnell Jr. Brain Institute at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center"},{"name":"Texas Institute for Brain Injury and Repair"},{"name":"North Texas Concussion Registry"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurotrauma Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Patients who sustain a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) experience a variety of clinical trajectories. Recent efforts to identify mTBI subtypes have begun to describe observed phenotypic variability. Clinical applicability of these subtypes is limited due to critical variations in each subtype\u2019s defining characteristics and limited inclusion of objective data. Here, we review mTBI literature that describes subtypes at various timepoints following injury. We describe five predominately symptom-based subtypes (cognitive, somatosensory, vestibular-ocular, headache, and neuropsychiatric [affective\/behavioral]). Each of these subgroups has been reported at separate timepoints postinjury, with the majority of studies describing symptom clusters in the acute and subacute recovery period. Analysis of each subgroup indicates significant overlap and ambiguity within the currently described symptom-based subtypes of mTBI. Additionally, inconsistent terminology within symptom description and subtyping nomenclature limit the ability to compare among one another. We suggest that improved understanding of possible biological processes that contribute to certain clinical trajectories may be identified by incorporating objective assessments, biomarkers, neuroimaging, and genetic analysis into future mTBI subtyping analysis. In doing so, advancements toward individualized symptom management, recovery, and improved care for our mTBI community are possible.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2689288x261450403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T06:44:00Z","timestamp":1780296240000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analyzing the Spectrum of mTBI Subgroups"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4779-7585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua A.","family":"Beitchman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology Residency Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nyaz","family":"Didehbani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA."},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shane M.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA."},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA."},{"name":"Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina L.","family":"Master","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minds Matter Concussion Program, Pediatric and Adolescent Sports Medicine, Division of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Karabots Center, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."},{"name":"Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."},{"name":"Sports Medicine and Performance Center, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher C.","family":"Giza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics\/Pediatric Neurology, Mattel Children\u2019s Hospital, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA."},{"name":"University of California Los Angeles Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, Los Angeles, California, USA."},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. 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