{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T07:05:53Z","timestamp":1783926353185,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007598","name":"Accident Compensation Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007598","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurotrauma Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Females of reproductive age with concussion often report greater symptom severity and duration than age-matched males; the mechanisms underlying female symptomology remain unclear. This study investigated the association between hormone profiles and time to return to learn\/work (RTL\/W) following concussion. A secondary aim was to explore differences in symptom severity and salivary miR-27a-5p\/miR-30a-3p expression between hormone profile groups. Based on an\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">a priori<\/jats:italic>\n                    power calculation, 36 females aged 28.8 \u00b1 7.5 (17\u201344 years) presenting to an emergency department within 72 h of a confirmed concussion were recruited. Participants were classified into three hormone profile groups:\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 20 natural menstrual cycle (NMC);\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 8 progestin-only hormonal contraception (PROG); and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 8 oral contraception (Oral Contraceptive Pill; OCP). Saliva samples were collected for measurement of miR-27a-5p\/miR-30a-3p, and participants completed weekly online surveys reporting symptom scores until achieving RTL\/W. The mean initial symptom score was 47.0 \u00b1 23.7 (8\u2013100), and mean time to RTL\/W was 27.3 \u00b1 33.1 (2\u2013179 days). Cox hazard regression revealed a statistically significant association of hormone profile with time to RTL\/W. PROG (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0\u20136.1,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p =<\/jats:italic>\n                    0.048) and OCP (HR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.1\u20136.4,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.027) were significantly associated with increased likelihood of RTL\/W compared with NMC. Initial symptom score was not significantly associated with time to RTL\/W (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.628). Exploratory analysis showed no statistically significant mean differences between groups for initial symptom score [F\n                    <jats:sub>(2, 33)<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 1.755,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.189]. Fourteen saliva samples provided complete miR-27a-5p\/miR-30a-3p data; mean miR-27a-5p\/miR-30a-3p was 0.84 \u00b1 0.06 (0.75\u20130.92). No statistically significant mean differences in miR-27\/miR-30 expression were observed between hormone profile groups (F 2, 11 = 0.519,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.609). Females using PROG or OCP were between 1.0 and 6.7 times more likely to achieve RTL\/W than NMC at any given time. Hormone profile, but not initial symptom score, was predictive of time to RTL\/W. Salivary miR-27a-5p\/miR-30a-3p may be a useful biomarker in females with concussion and warrants further research.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2689288x261463039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T06:38:31Z","timestamp":1783751911000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Female RNA Concussion (FeRNAC) Study: Assessing Hormone Profiles and Exploring Salivary RNA in Females with Concussion by Emergency Departments in New Zealand\u2014a Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0978-6439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie","family":"Hardaker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, Auckland University of Technology,  Auckland, New Zealand."},{"name":"Accident Compensation Corporation, Wellington, New Zealand."},{"name":"Brain Health Research Institute (BHRI), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doug","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, Auckland University of Technology,  Auckland, New Zealand."},{"name":"Brain Health Research Institute (BHRI), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand."},{"name":"Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand."},{"name":"Wolfson Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patria A.","family":"Hume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, Auckland University of Technology,  Auckland, New Zealand."},{"name":"Brain Health Research Institute (BHRI), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand."},{"name":"Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacy","family":"Sims","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, Auckland University of Technology,  Auckland, New Zealand."},{"name":"Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand."},{"name":"Stanford Lifestyle Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indira","family":"Basu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Awanui Labs, Auckland, New Zealand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2023-106898"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2022.105613"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5453"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000006"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2015.82"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2020.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apcsb.2019.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2013.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/hmbci-2015-0053"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2023.2184867"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-103274"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2021.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-017-0117-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-024-03653-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000811"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","volume-title":"Family violence assessment and intervention guideline: Child abuse and intimate partner violence","author":"Fanslow JL","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fanslow JL, , Kelly P. 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