{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:38:18Z","timestamp":1786120698470,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008914","name":"Ontario Brain Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008914","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurotrauma Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Post-traumatic headache (PTH) is prevalent following concussion, yet few evidence-based treatments exist. Intranasal lidocaine (INL) may help treat migraine; however, it has not been studied specifically for PTH in youth populations. The objectives are to describe the feasibility and acceptability of INL as a PTH treatment for youth in a concussion clinic, explore the change in pain score pre- and post-treatment, and describe patient characteristics and clinical covariates associated with the change in pain score. This feasibility study is a health record review of a concussion clinic in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Patients aged 13\u201330 years presenting with PTH were eligible. Clinicians completed standardized questionnaires that captured patient-reported outcomes. Feasibility was measured by the proportion of patients who accepted INL treatment and acceptability was determined by patient-reported side effects, tolerability, and satisfaction. Proportions with 95% confidence intervals were generated with a Wilson score. Pain scores were reported using the numeric rating scale, where a \u2265 2-point change is clinically significant. The difference in pain after INL was determined using the median and interquartile range. Seventy-seven patients were offered INL, and 57 patients (61% female, median age = 18 years [interquartile range {IQR}:15, 26]) accepted treatment (74%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 63\u201383%). The median reported pre-treatment headache pain score was 5 (IQR: 5.0, 6.0) and post-INL pain score was 2 (IQR: 1.0\u20133.0), reflecting a median reduction from baseline of 3 points (IQR: \u22125.0, \u22122.0). No serious adverse events occurred. Mild side effects including throat irritation, numbness, or unpleasant taste were reported by 96% of patients (55\/57). Participants reported that the procedure was tolerable (98%, 56\/57) and expressed satisfaction (93%, 53\/57). Post-INL, 88% (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 50\/57; 95% CI: 77\u201394) had a headache pain severity reduction of \u22652 points. INL for PTH is feasible in the outpatient setting and is well tolerated, with preliminary evidence of a clinically meaningful and immediate reduction in headache pain severity. Controlled trials are needed to determine INL efficacy for PTH.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2689288x261470708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T04:26:53Z","timestamp":1785817613000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Relief and Prevention of Post-Traumatic Headache Using Intranasal Delivery of Lidocaine for Youth (RAPPIDLY): A Feasibility Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Victoria","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Tsampalieros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Achelle","family":"Cortel-LeBlanc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Cortel-LeBlanc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Greenough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Webster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"Telfer School of Management, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Lamontagne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garth","family":"Meckler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, British Columbia Children\u2019s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naveen","family":"Poonai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena L.","family":"Orr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew B.","family":"Dodd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Zemek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the TRANSCENDENT Concussion Research Program","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","unstructured":"1.Casey B Fonseca P. TACKLING THE PROBLEM HEAD-ON: SPORTS-RELATED CONCUSSIONS IN CANADA Report of the Standing Committee on Health Subcommittee on Sports-Related Concussions in Canada. 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2023.03.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000001044"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000431"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","unstructured":"5.Marshall S Lithopoulos A Curran D et al. Living concussion guidelines: Guideline for concussion & prolonged symptoms for adults 18 years of age or older. 2023. Available from: https:\/\/concussionsontario.org"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","unstructured":"6.Reed N Zemek R Dawson J et al. Living Guideline for Pediatric Concussion2025. Available from: www.pedsconcussion.com"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14236"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.1203"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000001041"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.16383"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.434"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2021.0398"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.850590"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.1235"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2016.2900"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-023-05960-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.5079"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2009.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0224285"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2023.05.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2021.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2020-102173"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1989.tb03567.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1202426"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-021-03219-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000001629"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.1991.1106245.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/pxac054"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2023-106849"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001377"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2169"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","article-title":"Sphenopalatine ganglion block without catheter. Unique technique allows self-administration of sphenopalatine ganglion block","volume":"39","author":"Maizels M","year":"2021","unstructured":"32.Maizels M. Sphenopalatine ganglion block without catheter. Unique technique allows self-administration of sphenopalatine ganglion block. Pr Neurol 2021;39\u201342.","journal-title":"Pr Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.13683"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.14879"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-095292"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","unstructured":"36.R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing: Vienna Austria; 2023. Available from: https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","first-page":"2516953","article-title":"Sphenopalatine ganglion block for the treatment of acute migraine headache","volume":"2018","author":"Binfalah M","year":"2018","unstructured":"37.Binfalah M, , Alghawi E, , Shosha E, et al. Sphenopalatine ganglion block for the treatment of acute migraine headache. Pain Res Treat 2018;2018(1):2516953.","journal-title":"Pain Res Treat"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.2000.00077.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12546"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2013\/16\/E769"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-40196-8.00082-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738221100327"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102419828967"}],"container-title":["Neurotrauma Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2689288X261470708","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2689288X261470708","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2689288X261470708","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:16:13Z","timestamp":1786061773000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2689288X261470708"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/2689288X261470708"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2689288x261470708","relation":{},"ISSN":["2689-288X","2689-288X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2689-288X","type":"print"},{"value":"2689-288X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"article-number":"2689288X261470708"}}