{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:08:28Z","timestamp":1785409708048,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Facial Plastic Surgery &amp; Aesthetic Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Periorbital edema and ecchymosis are frequent complications after rhinoplasty, impacting early recovery and patient satisfaction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the effect of subperiosteal drain placement in patients undergoing ultrasonic piezo-assisted rhinoplasty, as measured by periorbital edema and ecchymosis on postoperative days (POD) 3, 7, and 14.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this prospective comparative study, 110 adults undergoing open rhinoplasty with piezo-assisted osteotomies were divided into drain (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 55) and non-drain (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 55) groups. The drain group received bilateral subperiosteal cannula drains along the osteotomy lines, removed on POD3. Edema and ecchymosis were graded by blinded observers on days 3, 7, and 14 using a 0\u20134 scale.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients were 28.2\u2009\u00b1\u20098.5 years; 76\/110 (69.1%) were female; groups were balanced in age (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.224) with a higher female proportion in the drain group (81.8% vs. 56.4%). At POD3 and POD7, total ecchymosis scores were lower with drains (POD3: 2.82 vs. 4.29,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.002; POD7: 0.76 vs. 1.58,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001), while edema scores were similar between groups at all timepoints. By POD14, edema had resolved and ecchymosis was minimal in both groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, the use of subperiosteal drains in patients undergoing piezo-assisted osteotomies was found to be associated with a reduction in early postop ecchymosis, but not periorbital edema.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/26893614251393192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T05:40:17Z","timestamp":1766382017000},"page":"437-442","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Effect of Subperiosteal Drain Placement on Periorbital Edema and Ecchymosis Following Ultrasonic Piezoelectric-Assisted Rhinoplasty: A Prospective Comparative Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8920-1364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eray","family":"Uzuno\u011flu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Bak\u0131r\u00e7ay University \u00c7i\u011fli Training and Research Hospital, \u0130zmir, T\u00fcrkiye."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Burak","family":"Haz\u0131r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murat Samet","family":"Ate\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, \u0130zmir Bazekol Hospital, \u0130zmir, T\u00fcrkiye."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c7a\u011flar","family":"\u00c7all\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, \u0130zmir Bazekol Hospital, \u0130zmir, T\u00fcrkiye."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1617444"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000002101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599811400377"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199912000-00043"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000095652.35806.c5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2007.08.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhino15.177"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-020-01798-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000001885"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjv260"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2247-5005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000506707"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-017-4514-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1226(70)80006-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2253-5971"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anplas.2022.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.61872\/sdj-2018-05-405"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","first-page":"61","article-title":"A review of clinical signs related to ecchymosis","volume":"114","author":"Epperla N","year":"2015","unstructured":"Epperla N, , Mazza JJ, , Yale SH. A review of clinical signs related to ecchymosis. 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