{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:08:27Z","timestamp":1785409707731,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Facial Plastic Surgery &amp; Aesthetic Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Creating a tragus in microtia reconstruction is technically difficult, and its importance as a visual landmark is uncertain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the attention given to ears in photographs with and without a tragus, as measured by eye tracking of gaze patterns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participant eye movements were tracked (Tobii Pro) while viewing photographs of a profile face and close-up view of the ear. The tragus was absent in half of the images. Gaze patterns were visualized as heat maps, and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t-tests<\/jats:italic>\n                      compared areas of interest on the face and ear.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fifty adults (27 female, ages 21\u201383) without medical training participated. While viewing a profile face for 10 s, participants looked at a normal ear for 2.19 s (1.5\u20132.9) (mean, 95% CI) and an ear without a tragus for 2.25 s (1.6\u20132.9) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.81). On close-up view, the tragus received the least attention (0.19 s, 0\u20130.19), while gaze at the canal increased from 0.82 s (0.39\u20131.3) to 1.39 s (0.96\u20131.8) when the tragus was absent (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.02).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>When the tragus was absent, gaze patterns of the profile face were not impacted; however, the ear canal was more exposed and received more attention on close-up view of the ear. This may influence aesthetic goals in auricular reconstruction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/26893614251407684","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T17:12:38Z","timestamp":1767028358000},"page":"415-421","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["How Important is the Tragus in Ear Reconstruction? An Eye-Tracking Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3447-7854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven","family":"Losorelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meenal","family":"Bahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kay W.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam P.","family":"Most","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA."},{"name":"Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai Thy","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2019.29019.huy"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2019.1072"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20132"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25324"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27933"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24801"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjaa008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000005700"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28619"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31331"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjac317"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199908000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199308000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1288917"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.181.4095.179"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2006.01750.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198310000-00025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2017.1453"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2016.2206"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2019.0321"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2018.0317"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2019.0463"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2018.01319"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2015.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-004-1017-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23191"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2016.0546"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1565009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14980"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjae045"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/12.13.3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03211929"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/emo0000283"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.5495"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2018.1697"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","article-title":"Analysis of human perception in distinguishing real and AI-Generated faces: An eye-tracking based study","author":"Huang J","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang J, , Gopalakrishnan S, , Mittal T, et al. Analysis of human perception in distinguishing real and AI-Generated faces: An eye-tracking based study. IEEE. 2024; doi: 10.48550\/ARXIV.2409.15498","journal-title":"IEEE"}],"container-title":["Facial Plastic Surgery &amp; Aesthetic Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/26893614251407684","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/26893614251407684","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/26893614251407684","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T10:45:11Z","timestamp":1785408311000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/26893614251407684"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/26893614251407684"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/26893614251407684","relation":{},"ISSN":["2689-3614","2689-3622"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2689-3614","type":"print"},{"value":"2689-3622","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]}}}