{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T20:45:41Z","timestamp":1785703541161,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Community Health Equity Research &amp; Policy"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Male infertility remains critically underresearched, with Black men among the most overlooked populations in research and clinical care. Despite male factors comprising up to 50% of infertility cases, Black men face compounded barriers rooted in intersecting racial and gender marginalization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This scoping review systematically examined structural and cultural barriers limiting Black men's access to infertility care in the United States, addressing a critical gap in reproductive health literature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Research Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following Arksey and O'Malley's framework, we identified peer-reviewed studies published between 2014 and 2024. Thematic analysis was conducted using deductive and inductive approaches guided by structural functionalism, symbolic interactionism, and empowerment theory.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Sample<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty articles met the inclusion criteria, comprising studies examining Black men's infertility experiences, male fertility barriers, or reproductive health disparities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Collection and\/or Analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies were identified through systematic searches across multiple electronic databases. Eligible articles underwent thematic analysis using deductive and inductive approaches guided by structural functionalism, symbolic interactionism, and empowerment theory.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six barrier categories emerged: cultural and social barriers (60% of studies), socioeconomic challenges (53%), knowledge gaps (30%), healthcare system barriers (17%), emotional burdens (17%), and environmental factors (13%). High costs of assisted reproductive technologies emerged as the primary obstacle, compounded by limited insurance coverage and income disparities. Cultural stigma surrounding masculinity, provider bias, and systemic marginalization of Black men in female-centric reproductive medicine represented additional barriers. Only 16.7% of studies focused primarily on Black men, highlighting systematic research neglect.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Black men face complex, multilevel barriers to infertility care rooted in compounding racial and gender marginalization. Addressing these disparities requires interventions spanning clinical practice reform, policy advocacy, and culturally responsive research. This represents the first scoping review of barriers to Black men's fertility care access and calls for transformative action.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2752535x261467906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:03:40Z","timestamp":1785409420000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Addressing the invisibility of Black men in infertility care: A scoping review of cultural and structural barriers"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4998-5685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle","family":"Moore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infinite Alignments Wellness Solutions LLC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kendra","family":"Flores-Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Baptist University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc\/147886"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32667-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","article-title":"Male infertility","author":"Leslie SW","year":"2024","unstructured":"Leslie SW, Soon-Sutton TL, Khan MA. Male infertility. StatPearls [Internet]. 2024. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK562258\/, In press.","journal-title":"StatPearls [Internet]"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000003531"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.03.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198110383660"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073110520958876"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12992"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2047-2927.2013.00125.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-021-00461-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12910-017-0179-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/24748307-20200617-01"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.044"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1557988320901375"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0036241"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.10.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3709085"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(99)00390-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","volume-title":"Mind, self, and society from the standpoint of a social behaviorist","author":"Mead GH","year":"1934","unstructured":"Mead GH. Mind, self, and society from the standpoint of a social behaviorist. University of Chicago Press, 1934. (C. W. Morris, Ed.)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00919275"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02506983"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4300\/JGME-D-22-00621.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11124\/JBIES-22-00123"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","unstructured":"Peters PM Godfrey CM McInerney CP. The Joanna Briggs Institute reviewers\u2019 manual 2015: methodology for JBI scoping reviews. SAGE Publications 2015. [PDF]. https:\/\/joannabriggs.org\/assets\/docs\/sumari\/Reviewers-Manual_Methodology-for-JBI-Scoping-Reviews_2015_v2.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/men0000452"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15579883231209210"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.04.040"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","first-page":"29","article-title":"Male infertility: an exploratory comparison of African American and White men","volume":"18","author":"Sherrod R","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sherrod R, DeCoster J. Male infertility: an exploratory comparison of African American and White men. J Cult Divers 2011; 18(1): 29\u201335.","journal-title":"J Cult Divers"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gwao.12809"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.177838"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xfre.2020.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.15958"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.041"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0231584"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2021.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/26410397.2022.2134629"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.02.039"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hropen\/hoad007"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-022-00984-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.01.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-062251"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40834-019-0097-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0207274"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S363959"}],"container-title":["Community Health Equity Research &amp; Policy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2752535X261467906","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2752535X261467906","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2752535X261467906","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T19:46:39Z","timestamp":1785699999000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2752535X261467906"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/2752535X261467906"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2752535x261467906","relation":{},"ISSN":["2752-535X","2752-5368"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2752-535X","type":"print"},{"value":"2752-5368","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"article-number":"2752535X261467906"}}