{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:02:06Z","timestamp":1790776926075,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Community Health Equity Research &amp; Policy"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Black populations have deep ancestral ties to Canada, yet little research examines what shapes access to mental healthcare for Black immigrant youth of African descent (BIYAD), defined here as first-generation African-born Black young adults aged 18 to 34. Almost none of these studies examine how race, immigration status and young adulthood intersect to shape that access.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To argue that persistent underutilisation of mental health services by BIYAD is structurally produced rather than a failure of individual help-seeking or resilience, and to identify the structural drivers that clinic-centred models obscure by treating distress as personal deficit.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Research Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Conceptual and critical policy analysis integrating Levesque and colleagues' multidimensional model of access with intersectionality theory. No empirical study was undertaken.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Sample<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Not applicable. The analytic focus is BIYAD in Canada. No primary data were collected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Collection and\/or Analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Peer-reviewed and grey literature on anti-Black racism, immigration and settlement, socio-economic position and Black mental health in Canada was assembled purposively and analysed against the five access dimensions and these intersecting axes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Access narrows at every dimension: outreach that misses African-born communities and mistrust after racist encounters (approachability); stigma and few providers sharing language, faith or race (acceptability); thin Black-led provision and long waits (availability); precarious work and uninsured psychotherapy (affordability); and clinic-centred care that misreads spiritually grounded distress (appropriateness). These constraints compound rather than add. Framing resilience as the remedy recasts structural failure as personal attribute.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Health equity for BIYAD requires structural and community-grounded reform rather than individual remediation: accountable anti-racism and cultural safety measures, culturally responsive community-based care, and sustained investment in Black-led services.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2752535x261492025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T18:24:16Z","timestamp":1790619856000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Beyond individual deficit: A structural analysis of mental health access for Black immigrant youth of African descent in Canada"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8214-6705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Temitayo","family":"Sodunke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalhousie University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6009-4123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nancy","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalhousie University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penelope","family":"Poyah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalhousie University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalhousie University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeff","family":"Karabanow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalhousie University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40894-020-00133-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Factors that impact how black youth access the mental healthcare system in Ontario","author":"Fante-Coleman T","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fante-Coleman T, Booker M, Craig A, et al. 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