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During the first year of treatment, caregiver reports revealed a statistically significant (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .01) decline in child cognitive functioning of 0.37\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">SD<\/jats:italic>\n                      (95% CI: [0.12\u20130.62]) evaluated using mixed-effects linear regression. Caregiver report of cognitive functioning at the end of the first year of treatment correlated with post-treatment ratings (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .05), after accounting for demographic and clinical factors. Post-treatment caregiver-reported cognitive functioning was significantly associated with estimated IQ (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .01), attention (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .05), word reading (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .05), and calculation (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Treatment for childhood ALL results in subtle changes in caregiver perception of cognitive functioning that are detectable shortly after diagnosis and may persist into survivorship. Furthermore, this study presents preliminary evidence for use of the PROMIS parent proxy cognitive function questionnaire as a screener for cognitive difficulties that may require further neurocognitive monitoring or comprehensive evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/27527530261448462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T06:20:11Z","timestamp":1784614811000},"page":"236-244","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Screening of Cognitive Symptoms During Treatment for Childhood Leukemia Predicts Post-Treatment Cognitive Functioning"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Alyssa","family":"Krentzel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga A.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine"},{"name":"Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi-Fan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilyn","family":"Hockenberry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine"},{"name":"Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Scheurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine"},{"name":"Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Austin L.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine"},{"name":"Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9332-181X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kimberly P.","family":"Raghubar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.26446"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.27259"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.20860"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.22128"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2015.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djs344"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","volume-title":"Conners\u2019 continuous performance test","author":"Conners C. 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