{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T19:28:26Z","timestamp":1792870106027,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Allergy and Rhinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite epinephrine's historical use for over a century and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for EpiPen's use in 1987 to treat anaphylaxis, little information exists regarding selection of the 0.3 mg adult dose. A review of literature was conducted to provide a historical retrospective regarding the evolution of the dosage selected for today's EpiPen. The first adrenal gland extract, isolation of the epinephrine active ingredient, observation of physiological effect, selection of the intramuscular route for administration, the dosage range recommended by independent physicians based on their clinical observations and selection of the ultimate standardized dosage are profiled.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective review illustrates the drug development process prior to the rigors required for today's clinical trials and provides clinical evidence supporting the dose in EpiPen and other similar life-saving epinephrine products.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/27534030231161784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T02:58:41Z","timestamp":1679885921000},"page":"275340302311617","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Epinephrine Administered in Anaphylaxis: The Evolution of 0.3 mg Dosage"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Peyton","family":"Coady","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mesa Science Associates, Frederick, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0167-8732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth L.","family":"Dretchen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Mesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mesa Science Associates, Frederick, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-27534030231161784","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.07.019"},{"key":"bibr2-27534030231161784","unstructured":"DailyMed - EPINEPHRINE Injection, Solution, Concentrate. 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