{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T23:23:23Z","timestamp":1787786603339,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741910400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741910400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Advances in Integrative Medicine and Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Several biomarkers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, D-dimer, and Interleukin-6 (IL-6), are established predictors of disease severity and respiratory failure in patients with COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this randomised clinical study, we evaluated the efficiency of the combination of 2 variants\u2019 AFO-202 and N-163 strains of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aureobasidium pullulans<\/jats:italic>\n                      produced 1,3-1,6 \u03b2-glucans in comparison with the control arm on these biomarkers in COVID-19 patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty RT-PCR positive COVID-19 patients were divided into 2 groups: control (n = 22) and standard treatment; ii. (n = 18) \u2013 Standard treatment + combination of AFO-202 and N-163 beta glucans for 15 days.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      IL-6 levels significantly decreased in the treatment group on day 7 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.03) but not by day 15 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.30). CRP levels in the treatment group decreased at day 7 (5.53 \u00b1 8.21\u00a0mg\/L) compared to baseline but showed no significant difference from the control group (4.91 \u00b1 12.54\u00a0mg\/L,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.98). At day 15, CRP levels remained lower in the treatment group (5.42 \u00b1 10.41\u00a0mg\/L) but increased in the control group (14.0 \u00b1 37.16\u00a0mg\/L), with no significant difference (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.52). Ferritin levels dropped significantly in the treatment group by day 15 (from 560.58 \u00b1 537.30\u00a0ng\/mL to 127.51 \u00b1 215.91\u00a0ng\/mL) but increased in the control (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.98). D-dimer levels decreased in the treatment group by day 15 but were not significantly different from controls (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.56).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results indicate that while co-supplementation with AFO-202 and N-163 beta-glucans led to improvement in CRP, ferritin, and IL-6 levels in COVID-19 patients, only the reduction in IL-6 levels on day 7 reached statistical significance. Further long-term multicentric clinical research is warranted to validate the potential of these supplements as treatment adjuncts, for addressing inflammation in COVID-19, especially in vulnerable populations infected with emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/27536130251327134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T19:11:42Z","timestamp":1741979502000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Efficient Control of IL-6, CRP and Ferritin in COVID-19 Patients With Two Variants of Beta-1,3-1,6 Glucans in Combination: An Open-Label, Prospective, Randomised Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Subramanian","family":"Pushkala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudha","family":"Seshayyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ethirajan","family":"Theranirajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Madras Medical College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doraisamy","family":"Sudhakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Madras Medical College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kadalraja","family":"Raghavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jesuit Antonyraj Memorial Inter-disciplinary Centre for Advanced Recovery and Education (JAICARE)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vidyasagar Devaprasad","family":"Dedeepiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nichi-In Centre for Regenerative Medicine (NCRM)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobunao","family":"Ikewaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu University of Health and Welfare"},{"name":"Junsei Educational Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaru","family":"Iwasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Yamanashi - School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Senthilkumar","family":"Preethy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nichi-In Centre for Regenerative Medicine (NCRM)"},{"name":"SoulSynergy Ltd."},{"name":"SoulSynergy Ltd."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2646-2687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel JK","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nichi-In Centre for Regenerative Medicine (NCRM)"},{"name":"University of Yamanashi - School of Medicine"},{"name":"Nichi-In Centre for Regenerative Medicine (NCRM)"},{"name":"SoulSynergy Ltd."},{"name":"SoulSynergy Ltd."},{"name":"GN Corporation Co. Ltd."},{"name":"Global Niche Corp"},{"name":"Research & Development (R & D) Department, Sophy Inc."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-05945-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2020.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201901071"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/851362"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/helm-2018-0021"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.870632"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clicom.2021.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40200-022-01170-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2021.1880210"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12959-020-00239-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112243"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26633\/RPSP.2020.72"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.24881"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","first-page":"61","article-title":"Beta 1,3-1,6 glucans produced by two novel strains of Aureobasidium pullulans exert immune and metabolic beneficial effects in healthy middle-aged Japanese men: results of an exploratory randomized control study","volume":"12","author":"Ikewaki N","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ikewaki N, Sonoda T, Kurosawa G, et al. Beta 1,3-1,6 glucans produced by two novel strains of Aureobasidium pullulans exert immune and metabolic beneficial effects in healthy middle-aged Japanese men: results of an exploratory randomized control study. 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