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This case report details the presentation and management of a 38-year-old male with multifocal brown tumors, including a right tibial fracture, and provides a comprehensive literature review. The patient exhibited multiple osteolytic lesions in the legs, thighs, and forearms, alongside elevated serum calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. Management included conservative fracture treatment, surgical resection of the parathyroid adenoma, and postoperative rehabilitation. Follow-up revealed significant tibial fracture healing and reduction in the size of osteolytic lesions. This report underscores the importance of timely diagnosis and comprehensive management to prevent complications and improve outcomes in patients with multifocal brown tumors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/27550834251322005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T02:11:08Z","timestamp":1740449468000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Multifocal brown tumors: A case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3339-2744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mainak","family":"Roy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, AIIMS Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samir","family":"Dwidmuthe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, AIIMS Nagpur, Nagpur, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-27550834251322005","first-page":"2000","volume-title":"Endotext [Internet]","author":"Silverberg SJ","year":"2021"},{"key":"bibr2-27550834251322005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-29738-7.00028-9"},{"key":"bibr3-27550834251322005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp032200"},{"key":"bibr4-27550834251322005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0709(96)90075-7"},{"key":"bibr5-27550834251322005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7819-12-257","volume":"12","author":"Kushchayeva YS","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr6-27550834251322005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.4158\/EP12071.CO","volume":"18","author":"Abdallah-Matta MP","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"bibr7-27550834251322005","unstructured":"Resnick D. 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