{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T01:26:08Z","timestamp":1777857968609,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,13]],"date-time":"2023-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691884800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Social Determinants of Health and Health Services"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic showed the close relationship between the Canadian government and the pharmaceutical industry when it came to both domestic and international issues. Domestically, the government chose to prioritize advice about vaccine acquisition from a panel of heavily conflicted people; it signed contracts worth billions of dollars with companies for vaccines but the contents of contracts were largely kept secret. The government also committed over CAD$1 billion in funding for research on COVID-19 but without any requirement that any forthcoming intellectual property or diagnostic and therapeutic products had to be accessible and affordable in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). On the international stage, Canada did not support the COVID-19 Technology Access Pool that aimed to provide a one-stop shop for scientific knowledge, data, and intellectual property to be shared equitably by the global community. It delayed donating vaccines to LMICs and bought vaccines from a facility designed mainly to provide vaccines to that group of countries. The government did not dismantle roadblocks that prevented a Canadian company from sending vaccines to Bolivia. Finally, it was ambiguous about whether it supported a patent waiver for COVID-19 technologies at the World Trade Organization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/27551938231195434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T01:32:06Z","timestamp":1691976726000},"page":"508-517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Canada and the pharmaceutical industry in the time of COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5120-8029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel","family":"Lexchin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor Emeritus, School of Health Policy and Management, York University"},{"name":"Associate Professor, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-27551938231195434","unstructured":"Government of Canada. 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Declaration of interests protocol for the COVID-19 Vaccine Task Force, 2020. https:\/\/nrc.canada.ca\/en\/corporate\/declaration-interests-protocol-covid-19-vaccine-task-force. Accessed May 30, 2021."},{"key":"bibr9-27551938231195434","unstructured":"Government of Canada. COVID-19 vaccine task force, 2020. https:\/\/ised-isde.canada.ca\/site\/biomanufacturing\/en\/covid-19-vaccine-task-force\/covid-19-vaccine-task-force-registry-interests. Accessed May 14, 2023."},{"key":"bibr10-27551938231195434","unstructured":"Government of Canada. COVID-19 Vaccine Task Force registry of interests, 2020. https:\/\/nrc.canada.ca\/en\/corporate\/covid-19-vaccine-task-force-registry-interests. Accessed May 30, 2021."},{"key":"bibr11-27551938231195434","author":"Rabson M.","journal-title":"Canadian Press"},{"key":"bibr12-27551938231195434","author":"Walsh M.","journal-title":"Globe and Mail"},{"key":"bibr13-27551938231195434","volume-title":"United States Securities and Exchange Commission. 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Procuring vaccines for COVID-19. https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-services-procurement\/services\/procuring-vaccines-covid19.html. Accessed May 15, 2023."},{"key":"bibr29-27551938231195434","unstructured":"Covax: Canada defends taking vaccines from sharing scheme. BBC. Updated February 4, 2021. https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-55932997. Accessed May 15, 2023."},{"key":"bibr30-27551938231195434","unstructured":"Blanchfield M. Canada vaccine deals criticized as minister affirms support for equal access. The Canadian Press. Updated September 11, 2020. https:\/\/www.cp24.com\/news\/canada-vaccine-deals-criticized-as-minister-affirms-support-for-equal-access-1.5101419. 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Supplementary submission to the Standing Committee on Industry, Science and Technology on Bill C-9, an act to amend the Patent Act and the Food and Drugs Act\n                      . Toronto, 2004."},{"key":"bibr41-27551938231195434","unstructured":"Serebrov M. Canadian company to J & J: license, or else\u2026., 2021. www.bioworld.com\/articles\/504737-canadian-company-to-jj-license-or-else. Accessed May 15, 2023."},{"key":"bibr42-27551938231195434","author":"Abinader L.","journal-title":"Knowledge Ecology International"},{"key":"bibr43-27551938231195434","unstructured":"Mole B. Pfizer CEO claims 400% price hike on COVID vaccines will be \u201cfree\u201d. Updated November 21, 2022. https:\/\/arstechnica.com\/science\/2022\/11\/covid-vaccines-will-still-be-free-despite-400-price-hike-pfizer-ceo-says\/. Accessed May 16, 2023."},{"key":"bibr44-27551938231195434","author":"Shutt J.","journal-title":"Senate hearing"},{"key":"bibr45-27551938231195434","author":"Third World Network. 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