{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T06:09:30Z","timestamp":1777529370623,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768176000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Integrative and Complementary Medicine"],"abstract":"\n Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n Indonesia\u2019s health care system requires transformation to address its aging population and rising chronic diseases. Medical acupuncture presents a holistic, cost-effective solution but faces integration barriers, including stigma, lack of local research, and absence of educational and regulatory frameworks. The objective of this study is to analyze barriers and opportunities for the integration of medical acupuncture into Indonesia\u2019s national health system and to propose strategic steps for developing a standardized curriculum, legal regulation, and interprofessional collaboration to ensure safe and evidence-based implementation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n A literature review was conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. Keywords included \u201cacupuncture,\u201d \u201ceducation,\u201d \u201cregulation,\u201d \u201cmedical policy,\u201d and \u201cpublic health.\u201d The analysis focused on studies examining integrative medical acupuncture practices in various countries.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Comparative analysis revealed that successful integration, as seen in China and Australia, depends on standardized education and clear regulations, ensuring practitioner competence and patient safety. Conversely, nations with fragmented regulations, such as India and Brazil, face quality control challenges. Medical acupuncture demonstrates proven efficacy across the health care spectrum, including pain management, rehabilitation, and palliative care.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n For Indonesia, strategic integration requires two key actions: developing an undergraduate medical acupuncture curriculum and establishing a formal legal framework for its practice. This will provide professional legitimacy, ensure patient safety, and curb illegal practices. These steps must be supported by enhanced interprofessional collaboration with conventional medicine, international partnerships, and increased funding for local evidence-based research.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Integrating medical acupuncture is vital for a sustainable Indonesian health care system. Prioritizing a standardized curriculum and formal regulation will ensure its safe and effective practice. Supported by research and collaboration, this integration will expand access to affordable, holistic, and evidence-based care for the population.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/27683605251408417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T09:40:28Z","timestamp":1766223628000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Integration of Medical Acupuncture into the National Health System: The Urgency of Education, Interprofessional Collaboration, and Legal Regulation"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Ellen","family":"Ellen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Acupuncture Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riri Kumala","family":"Sari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Acupuncture Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muchtar","family":"Muchtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Acupuncture Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hasan","family":"Mihardja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Acupuncture Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Organization WH. WHO Global Report on Traditional and Complementary Medicine 2019. World Health Organization; 2019; p. 228."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"Indonesia BPS. Proyeksi Penduduk Indonesia 2020\u20132050 Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2020 [Internet]. Available from: https:\/\/www.bps.go.id\/id\/publication\/2023\/05\/16\/fad83131cd3bb9be3bb2a657\/proyeksi-penduduk-indonesia-2020-2050-hasil-sensus-penduduk-2020.html [Last accessed: August29 2025]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15347354211012749"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154297"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2024.42.23_suppl.193"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21926\/obm.icm.2402022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.01357"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"Hu YP. Comparison of acupuncture education policies and regulations in South Africa and mainland China [Internet]. 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.cmaaa.co.za\/single-post\/comparison-of-acupuncture-education-policies-and-regulations-in-south-africa-and-mainland-china [Last accessed: August 13 2025]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S469491"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0964528420939576"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/acu.2022.0008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/acu.2024.0068"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/acu.2024.0109"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/acu.2024.0133"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0968533220903373"}],"container-title":["Journal of Integrative and Complementary Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/27683605251408417","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/27683605251408417","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/27683605251408417","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:38:57Z","timestamp":1777394337000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1177\/27683605251408417"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"references-count":15,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/27683605251408417"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/27683605251408417","relation":{},"ISSN":["2768-3605","2768-3613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2768-3605","type":"print"},{"value":"2768-3613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"article-number":"27683605251408417"}}