{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T18:33:58Z","timestamp":1792953238366,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Integrative and Complementary Medicine"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A recent report of traditional, complementary, and integrative medicine (TCIM) utilization by U.S. children found increased usage across 2007, 2012, and 2022 by age, sex, and race\/ethnicity. Here, we examine cross-sectional changes between 2012 and 2022 in detail by TCIM approach and sociodemographic and health characteristics, including reports of asthma, depression, diabetes, and pain, in U.S. children aged 4\u201317 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined overall TCIM use, use of practitioner-based TCIMs (TCIM directly provided by practitioners) and use of nonpractitioner TCIMs (TCIM not directly provided by practitioners). National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) in 2007, 2012, 2017, and 2022 asked questions on TCIM, but analyses were limited to 2012 and 2022 as they had the most comparable wording. Prevalence and variance estimates were calculated using Proc Survey Procedures in SAS software version 9.4 to account for NHIS\u2019s complex sample design.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>When using the TCIM approaches assessed in this study, we found that utilization among U.S. children increased from 6.4% in 2012 to 17.8% in 2022, largely driven by use of nonpractitioner-based TCIMs, which rose from 3.2% to 14.0%. Among those using practitioner-based TCIM, use specifically for pain management increased from 28.7% to 47.6%. In both years, children who were non-Hispanic, White, Female, from families with at least one college-educated adult, and reporting current depression or asthma were more likely to utilize any TCIM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on the TCIM approaches assessed in this study, U.S. children are increasingly utilizing TCIMs, particularly nonpractitioner approaches, mirroring similar increases in TCIM use by U.S. adults. Given the fast pace of TCIM adoption by children in the United States, future research examining the downstream impacts of these changes is warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/27683605261499478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T06:45:13Z","timestamp":1792651513000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Traditional, Complementary, and Integrative Medicine Use Among U.S. Children: National Health Interview Survey 2012 and 2022"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4894-6578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amber JE","family":"Rhee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard L.","family":"Nahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.26775"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-1961"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2025.6524"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_1","unstructured":"4.United States Department of Health and Human Services. Pain management best practices inter-agency task force report: Updates gaps inconsistencies and recommendations. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS): Washington D.C; 2019. Available from: https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/pain-mgmt-best-practices-draft-final-report-05062019.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_1","unstructured":"5.National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. NCCIH Strategic Plan FY 2021\u20132025: Mapping the Pathway to Research on Whole Person Health. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) National Institutes of Health (NIH): Bethesda MD; 2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.nccih.nih.gov\/about\/nccih-strategic-plan-2021-2025"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_3_1_7_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Complementary and alternative medicine use among adults and children: United States, 2007","author":"Barnes PM","year":"2008","unstructured":"6.Barnes PM, , Bloom B, , Nahin RL. Complementary and alternative medicine use among adults and children: United States, 2007. Natl Health Stat Report 2008(12):1\u201323.","journal-title":"Natl Health Stat Report"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-13-328"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2137284"},{"issue":"78","key":"e_1_3_1_11_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Use of complementary health approaches among children aged 4\u201317 years in the United States: National health interview survey, 2007\u20132012","volume":"2015","author":"Black LI","year":"2015","unstructured":"10.Black LI, , Clarke TC, , Barnes PM, et al. Use of complementary health approaches among children aged 4\u201317 years in the United States: National health interview survey, 2007\u20132012. Natl Health Stat Report 2015;2015(78):1\u201319.","journal-title":"Natl Health Stat Report"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigm.2004.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2017.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2021.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/29092"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_1_16_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"School-based yoga programs in the United States: A survey","volume":"29","author":"Butzer B","year":"2015","unstructured":"15.Butzer B, , Ebert M, , Telles S, et al. School-based yoga programs in the United States: A survey. Adv Mind Body Med 2015;29(4):18\u201326. 2015\/11\/05.","journal-title":"Adv Mind Body Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pits.21981"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2015.07.037"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2024.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001623"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-1406"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.42509"},{"issue":"235","key":"e_1_3_1_23_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Insurance coverage for complementary health approaches among adult users: United States, 2002 and 2012","author":"Nahin RL","year":"2016","unstructured":"22.Nahin RL, , Barnes PM, , Stussman BJ. Insurance coverage for complementary health approaches among adult users: United States, 2002 and 2012. NCHS Data Brief 2016(235):1\u20138.","journal-title":"NCHS Data Brief"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000003764"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_1","volume-title":"Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update","author":"Skelly AC","year":"2020","unstructured":"24.Skelly AC, , Chou R, , Dettori JR, et al. AHRQ Comparative Effectiveness Reviews. In: Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US): Rockville (MD); 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-10-220"}],"container-title":["Journal of Integrative and Complementary Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/27683605261499478","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/27683605261499478","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/27683605261499478","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T17:57:09Z","timestamp":1792951029000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/27683605261499478"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/27683605261499478"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/27683605261499478","relation":{},"ISSN":["2768-3605","2768-3613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2768-3605","type":"print"},{"value":"2768-3613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"article-number":"27683605261499478"}}