{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T10:36:52Z","timestamp":1793356612544,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753920000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychedelic Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Psychedelics such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin have shown a beneficial effect on substance use disorder (SUD) symptoms. In this systematic review, we aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of psychoactive tryptamines in patients with an SUD or non-substance-related disorder (i.e., gambling disorder) in order to provide a comprehensive overview of the available evidence and identify potential research gaps.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic literature search was performed in eight different databases up to February 2024. Clinical trials were included that assessed the efficacy and safety of psychoactive tryptamines other than psilocybin and ibogaine. A quality assessment of the included trials was done based on the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tools.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of four clinical trials (three randomized controlled trials and one single-arm clinical trial;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 176 patients) were included, all in patients with alcohol use disorder. Dipropyltryptamine and diethyltryptamine were the two investigated psychoactive tryptamines. Abstinence ranged from 10% (duration of follow-up unknown) to 38% at 26 weeks of follow-up, and severity of alcohol use did not differ between the psychoactive tryptamine group and the control groups. Adverse effects were not well reported in the trials.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies assessing the efficacy of psychoactive tryptamines other than psilocybin and ibogaine in addiction are scarce and show limited evidence for effectiveness in the treatment of addictive disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/28314425251364182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T18:25:40Z","timestamp":1759947940000},"page":"45-53","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy and Safety of Psychoactive Tryptamines in Addiction: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3700-8906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pim B.","family":"van der Meer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nout","family":"Schukking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maarten","family":"Dik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aumer","family":"van Reemst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan J.","family":"Fuentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addiction Program, Institute Salut Mental, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain."},{"name":"Addiction Research Group, IMIM Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e9s, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ad A.","family":"Kaptein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Psychology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan W.","family":"Schoones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Directorate of Research Policy, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastiaan","family":"Verboeket","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Jellinek, Arkin Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marleen M.","family":"de Waal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Jellinek, Arkin Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands."},{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anneke E.","family":"Goudriaan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Jellinek, Arkin Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands."},{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelis","family":"Kramers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnt","family":"Schellekens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nijmegen Institute for Science Practitioners in Addiction (NISPA), Nijmegen, The Netherlands."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical 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