{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T08:31:58Z","timestamp":1777883518483,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]],"date-time":"2023-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703808000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006545","name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01MD014795"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01MD014795"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TL1TR00255"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TL1TR00255"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Substance Use &amp;amp; Addiction Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of combusted cigarette (CC) smoking among older adults is stagnant, with 0 declines attributable to e-cigarette (EC) use. Given that normative beliefs are associated with quitting and switching to ECs, we assessed cross-sectional associations between age, CC, and EC descriptive and injunctive norms and potential interactions with tobacco use behavior.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data are from people with current, established (\u2265100 lifetime CCs) CC use (n\u2009=\u20098072) at Wave 5 (2018-2019) of the adult Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. We used adjusted multivariable logistic regressions to model social norms as a function of age (18-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, \u226565\u2009years). We also dichotomized age (\u226555 vs 18-54) to investigate interactions between age and social norms on past 12-month CC quit attempts and past-month EC use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Older age was positively associated with pro- and anti-CC norms and anti-EC norms. Significant interactive effects revealed that being advised to quit smoking by a healthcare provider was more strongly associated with CC quit attempts among adults \u226555\u2009years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] [95% CI]: 2.12 [1.66, 2.71]) than adults &lt;55\u2009years (aOR: 1.63 [1.34, 2.00]). Reporting people close to you use ECs was also more strongly associated with EC use among adults \u226555\u2009years (aOR: 4.37 [3.35, 5.69]) than among adults &lt;55\u2009years (aOR: 3.43 [2.89, 4.08]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study identified modifiable risk factors for tobacco use that may be particularly beneficial for older adults. Behavioral and communication interventions that target normative beliefs may maximize smoking cessation, or harm reduction when cessation is not possible.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/29767342231210554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]],"date-time":"2023-12-29T05:08:09Z","timestamp":1703826489000},"page":"54-64","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Differences in Normative Beliefs and Tobacco Product Use by Age Among Adults Who Smoke: Cross-Sectional Analysis of a Nationally Representative Sample"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4103-9641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dana","family":"Rubenstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA"},{"name":"Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dana M.","family":"Carroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel L.","family":"Denlinger-Apte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Cornacchione Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Law, Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F. Joseph","family":"McClernon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA"},{"name":"Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-29767342231210554","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6544a2"},{"key":"bibr2-29767342231210554","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202110-1184RL"},{"key":"bibr3-29767342231210554","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7111a1"},{"key":"bibr4-29767342231210554","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2019.100978"},{"key":"bibr5-29767342231210554","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.633"},{"key":"bibr6-29767342231210554","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-201332"},{"key":"bibr7-29767342231210554","unstructured":"National Health Interview Study: Biannual Early Release Tables\n                      . 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