{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T14:34:58Z","timestamp":1791988498644,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,7]],"date-time":"2024-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704585600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K12DA043490"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K12DA043490"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005294","name":"massachusetts general hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005294","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Substance Use &amp;amp; Addiction Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Homeless-tailored office-based opioid treatment (OBOT) programs have been developed to address the ongoing opioid overdose crisis, which disproportionately affects people experiencing homelessness. The objective of this study was to evaluate the facilitators of and barriers to retention in a homeless-tailored OBOT program.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed in-depth qualitative interviews with 24 homeless-experienced adults who newly enrolled in Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program\u2019s OBOT program from January 6, 2022 through January 5, 2023. We purposively sampled participants based on whether they were retained at 1\u2009month (n\u2009=\u200912) or not (n\u2009=\u200912). We used an abductive analytic process, applying codes to the interview transcripts from an a priori analytic framework based on the Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations and supplementing with emergent codes as needed. We compared themes by participants\u2019 1-month retention status to explore facilitators of and barriers to retention in OBOT care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The average age was 41.9\u2009years, 29.2% were female, 20.8% were Black, 58.3% were White, and 33.0% were Hispanic. Facilitators of retention common to many participants included the clinic experience, low-threshold model, clinic staff, and provision of comprehensive care. Among participants who were retained at 1-month, personal motivation, use of extended-release buprenorphine, and adequate buprenorphine efficacy were additional facilitators. Barriers to retention common to many participants included the clinic\u2019s surrounding environment, competing subsistence difficulties, and transportation difficulty. Among participants who were not retained at 1-month, opioid use severity, drug use in social networks, and inadequate buprenorphine efficacy represented additional barriers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified several common determinants of OBOT retention among our homeless-experienced participants as well as some facilitators and barriers that differed by 1-month retention status. These divergent factors represent potential points of intervention to promote retention in homeless-tailored OBOT programs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/29767342231218529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T00:58:50Z","timestamp":1704675530000},"page":"268-277","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["\u201cI\u2019m on the Right Path\u201d: Exploring 1-Month Retention in a Homeless-Tailored Outpatient-Based Opioid Treatment Program"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1970-3342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle R.","family":"Fine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Critchley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Joyce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"Sporn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessie","family":"Gaeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joe","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Travis P.","family":"Baggett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6681-220X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gina","family":"Kruse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-29767342231218529","unstructured":"National Alliance to End Homelessness. State of homelessness: 2023 edition. 2023. Accessed June 7, 2023. https:\/\/endhomelessness.org\/homelessness-in-america\/homelessness-statistics\/state-of-homelessness\/"},{"key":"bibr2-29767342231218529","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.04.021"},{"key":"bibr3-29767342231218529","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2019.112585"},{"key":"bibr4-29767342231218529","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.42676"},{"key":"bibr5-29767342231218529","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.1870"},{"key":"bibr6-29767342231218529","volume":"357","author":"Sordo L","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ (Clin Res ed)"},{"key":"bibr7-29767342231218529","volume-title":"Adapting Your Practice: Recommendations for the Care of Homeless Patients with Opioid Use Disorders","author":"DZB Meges","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr8-29767342231218529","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.108717"},{"key":"bibr9-29767342231218529","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.0477"},{"key":"bibr10-29767342231218529","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13722-019-0149-1"},{"key":"bibr11-29767342231218529","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2020.07.006"},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr12-29767342231218529","first-page":"1273","volume":"34","author":"Gelberg L","year":"2000","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"key":"bibr13-29767342231218529","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.04.012"},{"key":"bibr14-29767342231218529","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2015.06.010"},{"key":"bibr15-29767342231218529","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1525822X05279903"},{"key":"bibr16-29767342231218529","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzm042"},{"key":"bibr17-29767342231218529","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1525822X02239573"},{"key":"bibr18-29767342231218529","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-13-117"},{"key":"bibr19-29767342231218529","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232076"},{"key":"bibr20-29767342231218529","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000555"},{"key":"bibr21-29767342231218529","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-017-0196-4"},{"key":"bibr22-29767342231218529","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2014.12.011"},{"key":"bibr23-29767342231218529","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2013.10.004"},{"key":"bibr24-29767342231218529","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2018.1052"},{"key":"bibr25-29767342231218529","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.11.004"},{"key":"bibr26-29767342231218529","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.9041"},{"key":"bibr27-29767342231218529","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108781"},{"key":"bibr28-29767342231218529","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2019.1653324"},{"key":"bibr29-29767342231218529","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13722-019-0139-3"}],"container-title":["Substance Use &amp;amp; Addiction Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/29767342231218529","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/29767342231218529","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/29767342231218529","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T01:49:06Z","timestamp":1777600146000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/29767342231218529"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,7]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/29767342231218529"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/29767342231218529","relation":{},"ISSN":["2976-7342","2976-7350"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2976-7342","type":"print"},{"value":"2976-7350","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,7]]}}}