{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T12:10:05Z","timestamp":1790424605602,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,7]],"date-time":"2024-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704585600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R34DA051710"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R34DA051710"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Substance Use &amp;amp; Addiction Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Secure storage and disposal is a critical strategy to reduce prescription opioid misuse. We sought to develop effective messages to promote secure storage and disposal of unused opioid medications that can be used in interventions designed to reduce diversion of opioid medications for nonmedical use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We used a mixed-method design to develop and evaluate messages. First, we pretested 34 messages in focus group discussions (FGDs; n\u2009=\u200912 FGDs, n\u2009=\u20092-5 participants per FGD; 37 total participants). Then, we tested the 12 most salient messages in an online survey with a nationally representative Qualtrics\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      panel (n\u2009=\u20091520 participants). A pretest\u2013posttest design was conducted to assess change in beliefs about storage and disposal of opioid medication following message exposure.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All 12 messages favorably influenced participants\u2019 perceptions related to concerns and risks of retaining unused opioid medications and the importance of and self-efficacy in securely storing and disposing of unused opioid medications. Storage and disposal messages that included the sentence\u2014\u201cYour prescription can become someone else\u2019s addiction.\u201d\u2014outperformed other messages in encouraging people to safely store or dispose of opioid medication.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study informs the development of a universal text message intervention using multimodal feedback from the target population that the intervention seeks to serve. The next step is to conduct a randomized controlled trial to assess efficacy of the intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/29767342231221010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T01:07:34Z","timestamp":1704676054000},"page":"346-355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Development and Evaluation of Messages to Facilitate Secure Storage and Disposal of Prescribed Opioid Medication"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9447-1609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathleen L","family":"Egan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Implementation Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa J","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald W","family":"Helme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication, College of Communication and Information, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey Todd","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"East Carolina University Health Physicians Pharmacy, Greenville, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Sesay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Education and Promotion, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1929-119X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inara","family":"Valliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice R","family":"Richman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Education and Promotion, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-29767342231221010","unstructured":"CDC. Opioid data analysis and resources. 2023. Accessed June 6, 2023. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/opioids\/data\/analysis-resources.html"},{"key":"bibr2-29767342231221010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7103a1"},{"key":"bibr3-29767342231221010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr6501e1"},{"key":"bibr4-29767342231221010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M17-3074"},{"key":"bibr5-29767342231221010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocx075"},{"key":"bibr6-29767342231221010","unstructured":"CDC. United States opioid prescribing rate. 2021. Accessed November 22, 2022. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugoverdose\/rxrate-maps\/index.html"},{"key":"bibr7-29767342231221010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2017.0831"},{"key":"bibr8-29767342231221010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-020-01393-8"},{"key":"bibr9-29767342231221010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10935-020-00614-z"},{"key":"bibr10-29767342231221010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1067828X.2019.1590272"},{"key":"bibr11-29767342231221010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2013.1871"},{"key":"bibr12-29767342231221010","unstructured":"SAMHSA. Key Substance Use and Mental Health Indicators in the United States: Results from the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2019. https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/data\/"},{"key":"bibr13-29767342231221010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/CAT.20.0440"},{"key":"bibr14-29767342231221010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2014-051978"},{"key":"bibr15-29767342231221010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/109019817400200407"},{"key":"bibr16-29767342231221010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-015-0825-x"},{"key":"bibr17-29767342231221010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.2061"},{"key":"bibr18-29767342231221010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10410236.2017.1407277"},{"key":"bibr19-29767342231221010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzm042"},{"key":"bibr20-29767342231221010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X"},{"key":"bibr21-29767342231221010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2020.100291"},{"key":"bibr22-29767342231221010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09687637.2020.1711871"},{"key":"bibr23-29767342231221010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/mhealth.4917"},{"key":"bibr24-29767342231221010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.10.009"},{"key":"bibr25-29767342231221010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10410236.2023.2185578"}],"container-title":["Substance Use &amp;amp; Addiction Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/29767342231221010","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/29767342231221010","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/29767342231221010","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T01:49:11Z","timestamp":1777600151000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/29767342231221010"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,7]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/29767342231221010"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/29767342231221010","relation":{},"ISSN":["2976-7342","2976-7350"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2976-7342","type":"print"},{"value":"2976-7350","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,7]]}}}