{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:47:27Z","timestamp":1778546847843,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706659200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020097","name":"Foundation for Opioid Response Efforts","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Substance Use &amp;amp; Addiction Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in youth can reduce harms but many youths do not receive MOUD. Improving quality metrics of MOUD among youth can advance interventions for youth with opioid use disorder (OUD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We relied on 2018 Medicaid claims data from California, Colorado, Massachusetts, and New Mexico. We calculated the percentage of youth with OUD included in the quality metric for initiation, and the percentage who initiated by state. We also calculated the percentage excluded from the quality metric for initiation because they have an existing episode of OUD care and their MOUD receipt. We compared the characteristics of those who initiated\/received MOUD to those who did not and compared state estimates after adjusting for age and health conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Estimates of initiation exclude about half of the youth with OUD because they were in an existing episode of OUD care and could not be observed initiating. Among youth in a new episode of OUD care, only about 1 in 4 initiated and state estimates varied from 18.9% to 40.1%. Among youth with an existing episode of OUD care, more than half received MOUD and state estimates ranged from 35.2% to 71.3%. Youth who initiated MOUD or received MOUD with an existing OUD had more severe OUD but fewer co-occurring substance use disorders or mental or physical health diagnoses. After adjusting for age and health conditions, MOUD still varied substantially across states.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most youth with a new OUD diagnosis do not initiate MOUD but more than half of the youth in an existing OUD diagnosis receive MOUD. MOUD quality metrics that are disaggregated, adjusted, and inclusive of youth in an existing episode of care provide additional insight into opportunities to better support youth who might choose MOUD. State differences should be further studied for insight into policies that may affect MOUD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/29767342241227791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T10:36:30Z","timestamp":1706697390000},"page":"434-445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Initiation and Receipt of Medication for Opioid Use Disorder Among Adolescents and Young Adults in 4 State Medicaid Programs in 2018: Improving Medicaid Quality Metrics"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8169-8273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Lynch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Urban Institute, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Clemans-Cope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Urban Institute, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-29767342241227791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108159"},{"key":"bibr2-29767342241227791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-2752"},{"key":"bibr3-29767342241227791","unstructured":"National Safety Council. Age and cause. Leading causes of preventable death by age. 2021. Accessed August 9, 2022. https:\/\/injuryfacts.nsc.org\/all-injuries\/deaths-by-demographics\/deaths-by-age\/"},{"key":"bibr4-29767342241227791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1067828X.2021.2015733"},{"key":"bibr5-29767342241227791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-1893"},{"key":"bibr6-29767342241227791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.3821"},{"key":"bibr7-29767342241227791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03140.x"},{"key":"bibr8-29767342241227791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2018.2143"},{"key":"bibr9-29767342241227791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-2056C"},{"key":"bibr10-29767342241227791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j1550"},{"key":"bibr11-29767342241227791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.30201"},{"key":"bibr12-29767342241227791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000001768"},{"key":"bibr13-29767342241227791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2018.1546862"},{"key":"bibr14-29767342241227791","unstructured":"Cannon K, Burton J, Musumeci M. Adult behavioral health benefits in Medicaid and the marketplace. The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. 2015. Accessed June 19, 2019. https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/report\/adult-behavioral-health-benefits-in-medicaid-and-the-marketplace\/"},{"key":"bibr15-29767342241227791","unstructured":"MACPAC. State policies for behavioral health services covered under state plan authority. 2016. Accessed January 23, 2024. https:\/\/www.macpac.gov\/subtopic\/behavioral-health-services-covered-under-state-plan-authority\/"},{"key":"bibr16-29767342241227791","unstructured":"MACPAC. Medicaid and the opioid epidemic. 2017. Accessed June 30, 2017. https:\/\/www.macpac.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Medicaid-and-the-Opioid-Epidemic.pdf"},{"key":"bibr17-29767342241227791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2017.11.033"},{"key":"bibr18-29767342241227791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2018.1550467"},{"key":"bibr19-29767342241227791","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Core Set of Adult Health Care Quality Measures for Medicaid (Adult Core Set): Technical Specifications and Resource Manual for Federal Fiscal Year 2023 Reporting. 2023. Accessed June 13, 2023. https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/quality-of-care\/downloads\/medicaid-adult-core-set-manual.pdf"},{"key":"bibr20-29767342241227791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2019.1580240"},{"key":"bibr21-29767342241227791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108404"},{"key":"bibr22-29767342241227791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2016.0027"},{"key":"bibr23-29767342241227791","unstructured":"National Quality Forum. Risk adjustment technical guidance final report\u2014phase 2. 2022. 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