{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T08:32:20Z","timestamp":1777883540774,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712102400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Substance Use &amp;amp; Addiction Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The most recent wave of the opioid epidemic has contributed to record number of drug overdoses. Most fatal outcomes are associated with opioids and methamphetamine; two substances that tend to be used at high rates among criminal justice populations. Despite the steady rise in the number of overdoses in local detention centers, many correctional facilities do not conduct routine screens for opioid and methamphetamine use disorders. This study examines the utility of the UNCOPE, a 6-item brief screen, to detect probable Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) diagnoses for these 2 specific substance use disorders (SUDs). The study also examines key indicators of these specific SUDs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were collected from comprehensive substance use assessments conducted with 717 adults who were recently admitted to 4 county jails.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings indicate that 3 positive UNCOPE responses accurately detected 99.8% of opioid use disorder diagnoses and 98.7% of methamphetamine use disorder diagnoses. Receiver operating characteristic curve results generate an area under the curve at 0.99 for severe opioid use cases and 0.98 for severe methamphetamine use cases. Subsequent analyses indicate 2 of the 6 items on the UNCOPE function to accurately identify 100% of cases classified with opioid use disorder and 99.6% of cases classified with methamphetamine use disorder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evidence suggests that UNCOPE is a practical and efficient approach to identifying opioid and methamphetamine use disorders. In addition, 2 items can serve as an ultra-brief method to detecting these conditions at the time of admission to detention centers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/29767342241245300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T05:37:05Z","timestamp":1712122625000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Detecting DSM-5 Opioid and Methamphetamine Use Disorders With the UNCOPE Screen"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5859-1120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert M.","family":"Kopak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, UNC Health Sciences, The Mountain Area Health Education Center, Asheville, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sierra D.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, UNC Health Sciences, The Mountain Area Health Education Center, Asheville, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norman G.","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC, USA"},{"name":"Evince Diagnostics, LLC, Waynesville, NC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-29767342241245300","unstructured":"National Safety Council. All injuries: age and cause. 2023. Accessed May 15, 2023. https:\/\/injuryfacts.nsc.org\/all-injuries\/deaths-by-demographics\/deaths-by-age\/"},{"key":"bibr2-29767342241245300","unstructured":"National Institute of Drug Abuse. Drug overdose death rates. 2023. Accessed October 21, 2023. https:\/\/nida.nih.gov\/research-topics\/trends-statistics\/overdose-death-rates"},{"key":"bibr3-29767342241245300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.258"},{"key":"bibr4-29767342241245300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X231188234"},{"key":"bibr5-29767342241245300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854818796062"},{"key":"bibr6-29767342241245300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5055\/jom.2007.0021"},{"key":"bibr7-29767342241245300","unstructured":"Vel\u00e1zquez T, Remrey L. Methamphetamine use, overdose deaths, and arrests soared from 2015 to 2019. 2022. Accessed May 15, 2023. https:\/\/www.pewtrusts.org\/en\/research-and-analysis\/articles\/2022\/08\/16\/methamphetamine-use-overdose-deaths-and-arrests-soared-from-2015-to-2019"},{"key":"bibr8-29767342241245300","unstructured":"Carson EA. Mortality in local jails. 2000-2018\u2014statistical tables. 2021. Accessed May 15, 2023. https:\/\/bjs.ojp.gov\/content\/pub\/pdf\/mlj0018st.pdf"},{"key":"bibr9-29767342241245300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1078345820917356"},{"key":"bibr10-29767342241245300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2023.0012"},{"key":"bibr11-29767342241245300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07347324.2021.1972776"},{"key":"bibr12-29767342241245300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/ags048"},{"key":"bibr13-29767342241245300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16138"},{"key":"bibr14-29767342241245300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10509674.2018.1549180"},{"key":"bibr15-29767342241245300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1078345814557513"},{"key":"bibr16-29767342241245300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoffmann NG, Hunt DE, Rhodes WM, Riley KJ. UNCOPE: a brief substance dependence screen for use with arrestees. J Drug Issues. 2003;33(1):29-44. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/002204260303300102","DOI":"10.1177\/002204260303300102"},{"key":"bibr17-29767342241245300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"bibr18-29767342241245300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12854"},{"key":"bibr19-29767342241245300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000170"},{"key":"bibr20-29767342241245300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10509674.2017.1359224"},{"key":"bibr21-29767342241245300","unstructured":"Maruschak LM, Minton TD, Zeng Z. Opioid use disorder screening and treatment in local jails, 2019. 2023. Accessed May 23, 2023. https:\/\/bjs.ojp.gov\/document\/oudstlj19.pdf"},{"key":"bibr22-29767342241245300","unstructured":"Zeng Z. Jail inmates in 2021\u2014statistical tables. 2022. 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