{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T08:33:28Z","timestamp":1777883608019,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754265600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Substance Use &amp; Addiction Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Substance use disorder (SUD) is a chronic and recurrent condition posing a significant health burden. The integration of out-on-pass (OOP) or day leave privileges during inpatient rehabilitation has been theorized to support recovery by enhancing social reintegration and preparing patients for discharge. However, evidence on the impact of inpatient OOP on post-discharge relapse rates is scant. This study investigates the effect of OOP during inpatient treatment and relapse outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort design was used to analyze data from 72 patients discharged from the Umm Salal Treatment and Rehabilitation Center in 2023, focusing on OOP during rehabilitation and urine drug test results during aftercare. Key variables included OOP frequency, comorbid personality disorders, forensic history, and relapse indicators. Statistical evaluation utilized logistic regression, chi-squared tests (Fisher\u2019s exact test where appropriate), and survival analysis to identify predictors of relapse, adjusted for potential confounders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the participants, 28 (38.9%) were granted OOP during inpatient treatment, while 44 (61.1%) were not. Relapse, defined by a positive urine drug screening post-discharge, occurred in 29 patients (40.3%). The median time-to-relapse was 28\u2009days, with a longer duration observed among those granted OOP. Specifically, during the 26-week study period, 25% of patients with OOP relapsed compared to 50% of those without OOP (statistically significant difference;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.04892). Survival analysis revealed that time-to-relapse was substantially longer for patients who were granted OOP compared to those who were not (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.034). Furthermore, the granting of OOP during inpatient treatment of SUD was associated with a 73.2% reduction in relapse hazards ratio (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.00876).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study highlights the potential of OOP as a therapeutic strategy and tool to support sustained recovery in patients with SUD. While relapse remains a significant challenge, OOP may contribute to extended abstinence periods and reduced relapse rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/29767342251357089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T09:01:07Z","timestamp":1754298067000},"page":"123-133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Examining the Correlation Between Out-On-Pass Privileges and Post-Discharge Urine Drug Test Outcomes in an Addiction Rehabilitation Center in Qatar"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0718-9259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faycal Walid","family":"Ikhlef","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health services, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nirvana Swamy","family":"Chandrappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health services, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"},{"name":"Qatar University, College of Medicine, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5170-6199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mugtaba","family":"Osman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health services, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Majid","family":"Al-Abdulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health services, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"},{"name":"Qatar University, College of Medicine, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8574-7485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suhair","family":"Yousuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health services, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0429-1840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad","family":"Alater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health services, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wesam","family":"Smidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health services, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"UNODC World Drug Report 2024 (United Nations publication 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global status report on alcohol and health and treatment of substance use disorders [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024. Accessed July 10 2025. https:\/\/iris.who.int\/handle\/10665\/377960"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091455"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14234"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61138-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33422\/icrpconf.v2i1.763"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-5001193\/v1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2012.693462"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2020.20091382"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-023-04632-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/eurasianjmed.2023.23335"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S40429-018-0209-8"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Substance use disorder: a growing but understudied mental health condition","volume":"13","author":"Saquib N.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Saquib N. Substance use disorder: a growing but understudied mental health condition. Int J Health Sci. 2019;13(6):1-2.","journal-title":"Int J Health Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781444300895.CH36"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000644"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adaw.34183"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Enemy within?: The silent epidemic of substance dependency in GCC countries","volume":"4","author":"Al-Harthi A","year":"2002","unstructured":"Al-Harthi A, Al-Adawi S. Enemy within?: The silent epidemic of substance dependency in GCC countries. J Sci Res Med Sci. 2002;4(1-2):1-7.","journal-title":"J Sci Res Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-022-00920-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-21190-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","unstructured":"Guenzel N McChargue DE. Addiction relapse prevention. Published online December 8 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09687637.2020.1856787"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16066359.2023.2224964"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-011-0224-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103368"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S12954-015-0071-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2016.1267217"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011-021-00428-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/29767342241288433"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2016.1234088"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2018.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2024.112391"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1106509"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"O\u2019Reily K Wilkinson C. Involuntary treatment for alcohol and other drugs: an evidence check rapid review. Published online March 15 2024. doi:10.57022\/accg7897","DOI":"10.57022\/accg7897"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.613665"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.699074"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2024.104325"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000486589703000201"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220426211044410"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000265938"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rokiyah R Zuanda N Alrefi A Akbari A. The role of social support in substance addiction recovery: a systematic review. Edusoshum. 2024;4(2):213\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52366\/edusoshum.v4i2.112","DOI":"10.52366\/edusoshum.v4i2.112"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19169786"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13072154"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","unstructured":"Campbell A Finch E Brotchie J Davis P. The international treatment effectiveness project: implementing psychosocial interventions for adult drugmisusers. Published online January 1 2007. https:\/\/www.drugsandalcohol.ie\/11938\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/nmd.0000000000001482"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14789949.2020.1837917"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2024.423"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1999.9468337"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0376-8716(02)00014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/07067437221087945"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Skeem JL Manchak S. Back to the future: from Klockars\u2019 model of effective supervision to evidence-based practice in probation. J Offender Rehabil. 2008;47(3) 220\u2013247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10509670802134069","DOI":"10.1080\/10509670802134069"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","first-page":"41","volume-title":"Research on alcoholics anonymous: opportunities and alternatives","author":"Emrick CD","year":"1993","unstructured":"Emrick CD, Tonigan JS, Montgomery H, Little L. Alcoholics anonymous: what is currently known? In: McCrady BS, Miller WR, eds. Research on alcoholics anonymous: opportunities and alternatives. Rutgers Center of Alcohol Studies; 1993:41\u201376."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.13.1689"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60107-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2003.00296.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.00118.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52965\/001c.94576"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2014.965870"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","first-page":"380","article-title":"The community reinforcement approach: an update of the evidence","volume":"33","author":"Meyers RJ","year":"2011","unstructured":"Meyers RJ, Roozen HG, Smith JE. The community reinforcement approach: an update of the evidence. Alcohol Res Health. 2011;33(4):380-388.","journal-title":"Alcohol Res Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02895034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00952999209001614"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simpson DD Joe GW. A longitudinal evaluation of treatment engagement and recovery stages. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2004;27(2):89-97. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsat.2004.03.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2004.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S473732"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2023.109790"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21101338"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43046-024-00242-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2015.1080786"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09687637.2013.876974"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2010.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2008.10400625"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10826088109038900"}],"container-title":["Substance Use &amp; Addiction Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/29767342251357089","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/29767342251357089","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/29767342251357089","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T01:51:48Z","timestamp":1777600308000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/29767342251357089"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/29767342251357089"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/29767342251357089","relation":{},"ISSN":["2976-7342","2976-7350"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2976-7342","type":"print"},{"value":"2976-7350","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]}}}