{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T08:33:36Z","timestamp":1777883616055,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760400000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01DA038800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01DA038800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA057289"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA057289"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA060207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA060207"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Substance Use &amp; Addiction Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alkyl nitrites, commonly known as \u201cpoppers,\u201d have been widely used as recreational inhalants since the 1970s, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM). Despite regulatory restrictions in the United States, poppers remain available under misleading product labels (eg, nail polish removers). Limited epidemiologic research has focused on trends in prevalence and correlates of poppers use, particularly among populations that include non-MSM individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed data from a repeated cross-sectional survey of adults entering electronic dance music events at nightclubs in New York City (NYC) between 2017 and 2024 (N\u2009=\u20093332). We estimated trends in past-year poppers use overall and stratified by demographic and drug use-related factors in the NYC nightclub-attending population, and we also delineated correlates of use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We estimated that past-year poppers use increased from 7.2% in 2017 to 18.1% in 2024 (a 151.4% increase;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Increases were estimated among both males and females (by 115.7% [\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.0013] and 199.4% [\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.003], respectively). While prevalence remained highest among gay males (46.3% in 2024), notable increases were estimated for heterosexual males (with an increase to 6.3% in 2024) and sexual minority females (increasing to 27.5% in 2024). Compared to heterosexual males, sexual minority males and females had higher prevalence of use, and those who used cocaine, ecstasy\/MDMA, and\/or ketamine also had higher prevalence of use (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      s\u2009&lt;\u2009.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While sexual minority males remain at highest risk for poppers use, prevalence is also increasing among traditional lower-risk groups, underscoring the need for expanded public health messaging and harm reduction strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/29767342251372314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T09:35:17Z","timestamp":1760434517000},"page":"409-417","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Trends in Past-Year Use of Poppers Among New York City Nightclub Attendees, 2017-2024"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7079-2003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Abukahok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph J.","family":"Palamar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-92-5-700"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2020.1791373"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)51392-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2019.102659"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. FDA advises consumers not to purchase or use nitrite \u201cpoppers.\u201d 2021. Accessed March 3 2025. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/food\/alerts-advisories-safety-information\/fda-advises-consumers-not-purchase-or-use-nitrite-poppers"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2020.102670"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2022.103748"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10538720.2018.1408519"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"103991","article-title":"Defining and measuring \u2018inhalant\u2019 use in population-based surveys","volume":"116","author":"Crossin R","year":"2023","unstructured":"Crossin R, Whelan J, Ball J. Defining and measuring \u2018inhalant\u2019 use in population-based surveys. Int J Drug Policy. 2023;116:103991.","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","volume-title":"Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use, 1975\u20132023: Overview and Detailed Results for Secondary School Students","author":"Miech RA","unstructured":"Miech RA, Johnston LD, Patrick ME, O\u2019Malley PM. Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use, 1975\u20132023: Overview and Detailed Results for Secondary School Students. Monitoring the Future Monograph Series 2024. Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","volume-title":"2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) Detailed Tables","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration","year":"2024","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) Detailed Tables. US Department of Health and Human Services; 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106789"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-6010-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2021.2023185"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/phn.13138"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadr.2023.100149"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12958"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2022.2079134"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13405"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X15666161117151148"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1285057"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","article-title":"Young women and anal sex","volume":"378","author":"Gana T","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gana T, Hunt LM. Young women and anal sex. BMJ. 2022;378:o1975.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08820538.2022.2108717"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/SH17217"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2022.0042"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2019.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.23408"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2023.104001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826080802543580"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20031821"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","volume-title":"Applied Survey Data Analysis","author":"Heeringa SG","year":"2017","unstructured":"Heeringa SG, West BT, Heeringa SG, Berglund PA, Berglund PA. Applied Survey Data Analysis. 2nd ed. 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