{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,8]],"date-time":"2026-11-08T06:00:27Z","timestamp":1794117627777,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin Doctorate of Public Health program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Substance Use &amp; Addiction Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Peer support programs are recognized as an evidence-based practice to effectively support individuals in recovery from substance use and reduce recidivism. Peer support is provided by trained individuals with lived experience who guide individuals navigating similar life challenges. Organizations design and structure peer support programs differently; some have developed unique approaches to meet the needs of the individuals they serve. This study provides guidance for implementing peer support programs within community based organizations with a focus on recovery or reentry after incarceration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) is part of implementation science which aims to facilitate the uptake of evidence-based strategies into practice. The CFIR was used to guide data collection and analysis. Interviews with 20 individuals were conducted with leaders from 7 community-based organizations that employ peer support specialists. One participant from each organization completed a survey about their organization and provided program-related documents for review. Qualitative data were analyzed via MAXQDA and the CFIR rating system was applied to each construct to determine those that strongly influence implementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Key elements to program success include sustainable funding, strong leadership, clear reporting structure, impactful interactions between peer mentor and client, and program flexibility. Challenges identified by organizations included a need to hire additional qualified peer mentors, limited availability of training to certify peer mentors, limited career growth for peer mentors, staff burnout, and establishing clear boundaries with clients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Peer support is an effective way to bridge the gap between clients and providers of healthcare, mental health, or behavioral health services. Organizations must be intentional in developing and structuring their peer support programs. The results of this study offer actionable insights for organizations to implement and sustain peer support programs effectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/29767342251380370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T07:31:41Z","timestamp":1763623901000},"page":"464-472","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Investigating Key Elements of Peer Support Programs Focused on Recovery and Reentry in Community-Based Organizations: A Qualitative Implementation Science Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9183-2385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelli","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moriah","family":"Iverson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Staci","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/prj0000222"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","volume-title":"National Distribution of Certified Peer Support Specialists in the United States by State, District, and Territory","author":"Peer Recovery Center of Excellence","year":"2024","unstructured":"Peer Recovery Center of Excellence. National Distribution of Certified Peer Support Specialists in the United States by State, District, and Territory. Peer Recovery Center of Excellence, University of Missouri \u2013 Kansas City; 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","volume-title":"CMS Letter, Press Release","author":"Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services","year":"2007","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Guidance to states interested in peer support services under the Medicaid program. CMS Letter, Press Release. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Center for Medicaid and State Operations; 2007."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","unstructured":"SAMHSA Library. SAMHSA\u2019s national model standards for peer support certification. 2023. Accessed June 7 2023. https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/national-model-standards-for-peer-support-certification.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-022-09971-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/SAR.S81535"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21685"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2008.59.11.1307"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108339"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.01052"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-015-0242-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43058-022-00297-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-4-50"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","article-title":"Implementation research: what it is and how to do it","volume":"347","author":"Peters DH","year":"2013","unstructured":"Peters DH, Adam T, Alonge O, Agyepong IA, Tran N. Implementation research: what it is and how to do it. BMJ. 2013;347:f6753.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","unstructured":"Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. 2023. Accessed May 31 2023. https:\/\/cfirguide.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14780887.2014.955224"},{"issue":"13","key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","first-page":"44","article-title":"Demystifying qualitative data analysis for novice qualitative researchers","volume":"24","author":"Kalpokaite N","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kalpokaite N, Radivojevic I. Demystifying qualitative data analysis for novice qualitative researchers. Qual Rep. 2019;24(13):44-57.","journal-title":"Qual Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-8-51"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13142-016-0424-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.5091"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","unstructured":"Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. CFIR rating rules. 2024. Accessed January 2024. https:\/\/cfirguide.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/ratingrules10-29-14.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","unstructured":"Division of Care and Treatment Services. Wisconsin certified peer specialist code of ethics. 2023. Accessed November 2023. https:\/\/www.dhs.wisconsin.gov\/publications\/p00972a.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.202000901"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Behavioral health services. n.d. 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