{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T05:51:24Z","timestamp":1792734684011,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1F31DA061612"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1F31DA061612"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3U01DA050442"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3U01DA050442"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Substance Use &amp; Addiction Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evidence-based practices to treat opioid use disorder (OUD) include behavioral interventions and medications to treat OUD (MOUD). Each type of treatment has unique systems-level challenges that limit care access and care engagement. It is important to identify and address these challenges and provide evidence-based strategies to reduce barriers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this narrative review, systems-level barriers that impede OUD treatment service delivery are reviewed by treatment type (MOUD, cognitive behavioral therapy, and contingency management), and how recent regulatory changes have the ability to reduce or alter these barriers are discussed. To do so, we review empirical literature and regulatory documents to cover the breadth of this topic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Several OUD treatments that have established effectiveness are not able to reach full potential (ie, dissemination, uptake) because of systems-level barriers, notably related to rigid regulations, broad perceptions of treatment, and training and financing constraints. Recent changes aim to lessen restrictions surrounding MOUD delivery (eg, greater allowance for take-home doses of methadone) and allow for delivery of MOUD in innovative settings (eg, mobile health units). There are also reduced restrictions at the treatment provider level, including removal of the X-waiver. Despite lowering some barriers, OUD treatment delivery is still barred by strong forces related dominantly to stigma and financing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Future research directions to further understand and enhance effective OUD treatment delivery are identified, including the need to address individual, organizational, and external factors that surround the implementation of regulatory changes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/29767342261452648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T07:24:42Z","timestamp":1780989882000},"page":"1244-1256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Advancing Opioid Use Disorder Treatment: A Narrative Review of Evidence-Based Solutions to Systems-Level Barriers in the US"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9006-6262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amelia","family":"Bailey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA"},{"name":"Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4268-993X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Augustine W.","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA"},{"name":"Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0412-8074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosemarie A.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA"},{"name":"Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-019-4751-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.26348"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2018.1546862"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","volume-title":"Medications for Opioid Use Disorder Save Lives","author":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine","year":"2019","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Barriers to broader use of medications to treat opioid use disorder. In: Mancher M, Leshner AI, eds. Medications for Opioid Use Disorder Save Lives. National Academies Press (US); 2019:174."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12961-020-00596-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.13173"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0137-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 42 CFR Part 8 Final Rule Medications for the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2024. Accessed November 1 2025. https:\/\/public-inspection.federalregister.gov\/2024-01693.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.1698"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.8469"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4300\/jgme-d-22-00480.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-015-0242-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. Information About Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT). US Food and Drug Administration; 2024. Accessed November 1 2025. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/information-drug-class\/information-about-medication-assisted-treatment-mat"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2018.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0266142"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/m17-3107"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.20622"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002209.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-012-9402-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108146"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000744"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-021-00535-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","unstructured":"National Institute on Drug Abuse. Methadone or Enhanced Buprenorphine to Address Retention Among Patients Not Optimally Benefitting From Office-Based Buprenorphine \u2013 A Hybrid Effectiveness\/Implementation Trial. National Institute on Drug Abuse; 2025. Accessed November 1 2025. https:\/\/nida.nih.gov\/about-nida\/organization\/cctn\/ctn\/research-studies\/methadone-or-enhanced-buprenorphine-to-address-retention-among-patients-not-optimally-benefitting"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209441"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2019.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2023.104141"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10550887.2023.2165869"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(18)32259-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","volume-title":"Congress Eliminated the \u201cDATA-Waiver Program\u201d","author":"Drug Enforcement Administration, U.S. Department of Justice","year":"2023","unstructured":"Drug Enforcement Administration, U.S. Department of Justice. Congress Eliminated the \u201cDATA-Waiver Program\u201d. Drug Enforcement Administration, U.S. Department of Justice; 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","unstructured":"American Society of Addiction Medicine. Consolidated Appropriations Act 2023. American Society of Addiction Medicine; 2023. Accessed November 1 2025. https:\/\/www.asam.org\/advocacy\/practice-resources\/select-federal-policies-addiction-medications#:~:text=Consolidated%20Appropriations%20Act%2C%202023&text=There%20are%20no%20longer%20any opioid%20use%20disorder%20with%20buprenorphine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/m19-2403"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2019.01622"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2023.1982"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2017.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadr.2023.100164"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.27418"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2021.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadr.2022.100091"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(11)60358-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12875"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Society of Addiction Medicine. The ASAM National Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder: 2020 Focused Update. American Society of Addiction Medicine; 2021. Accessed November 1 2025. https:\/\/www.asam.org\/quality-science\/national-practice-guideline","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000633"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14180"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.02.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(17)32812-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200262090-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2017.11.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011-020-00312-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2015.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.025791"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/sar.S304566"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aax9140"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2018.1052"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-020-06257-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.06111851"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.8.1452"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004147.pub4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/adm.0000000000000193"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0244401"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2010.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2215-0366(19)30097-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2022.2068805"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/pb.bp.110.031831"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-006x.68.2.250"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.1969"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000287"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Contingency Management for the Treatment of Substance Use Disorders: Enhancing Access Quality and Program Integrity for an Evidence-Based Intervention. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2023. Accessed November 1 2025. https:\/\/aspe.hhs.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/72bda5309911c29cd1ba3202c9ee0e03\/contingency-management-sub-treatment.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000496"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","volume-title":"Using SAMHSA Funds To implement Evidence-BASED contingency Management Services","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)","year":"2025","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Using SAMHSA Funds To implement Evidence-BASED contingency Management Services. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA); 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000487"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2023.107594"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186315"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13722-021-00268-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2015.1129524"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40596-022-01634-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. SAMHSA Proposes Update to Federal Rules to Expand Access to Opioid Use Disorder Treatment and Help Close Gap in Care. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2022. Accessed November 1 2025. https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/newsroom\/press-announcements\/20221213\/update-federal-rules-expand-access-opioid-use-disorder-treatment"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","volume-title":"42 CFR Part 8, RIN 0930-AA39","author":"Office of the Secretary","year":"2022","unstructured":"Office of the Secretary. Medications for the treatment of opioid use disorder: notice of proposed rulemaking. In: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, ed. 42 CFR Part 8, RIN 0930-AA39. Federal Register; 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","unstructured":"Baaklini V Doyle S McGaffey F. Most States Eased Access to Opioid Use Disorder Treatment During the Pandemic. Pew Trusts; 2022. Accessed November 1 2025. https:\/\/www.pewtrusts.org\/en\/research-and-analysis\/articles\/2022\/06\/01\/most-states-eased-access-to-opioid-use-disorder-treatment-during-the-pandemic"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.109100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2468-2667(23)00023-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hsr.2024.100195"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2025.112628"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-023-08383-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/haschl\/qxad013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108801"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.1776"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108655"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227968"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_2","unstructured":"KFF. Section 1115 Waiver Watch: Medicaid Pre-Release Services for People Who Are Incarcerated. KFF; 2024. Accessed November 1 2025. https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/section-1115-waiver-watch-medicaid-pre-release-services-for-people-who-are-incarcerated\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_92_2","volume-title":"Opportunities to Test Transition-Related Strategies to Support Community Reentry and Improve Care Transitions for Individuals Who Are Incarcerated","author":"Center for Medicaid & Chip Services","year":"2023","unstructured":"Center for Medicaid & Chip Services. Opportunities to Test Transition-Related Strategies to Support Community Reentry and Improve Care Transitions for Individuals Who Are Incarcerated. Center for Medicaid & Chip Services; 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_93_2","unstructured":"Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services. HHS Authorizes Five States to Provide Historic Health Care Coverage for People Transitioning out of Incarceration. Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services; 2024. Accessed November 1 2025. https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/about\/news\/2024\/07\/02\/hhs-authorizes-five-states-provide-historic-health-care-coverage-people-transitioning-incarceration.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2024.104381"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2024.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.25999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-022-07975-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.2757"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adaw.33643"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/forefront.20210727.942168"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_101_2","volume-title":"Registration Requirements for Narcotic Treatment Programs With Mobile Components: A Rule by the Drug Enforcement Administration","author":"Drug Enforcement Administration, Department of Justice","year":"2021","unstructured":"Drug Enforcement Administration, Department of Justice. Registration Requirements for Narcotic Treatment Programs With Mobile Components: A Rule by the Drug Enforcement Administration. Drug Enforcement Administration; 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_102_2","volume-title":"Data From: Registrant Population by Business Activity","author":"Diversion Control Division DEA, US Department of Justice","year":"2024","unstructured":"Diversion Control Division DEA, US Department of Justice. Data From: Registrant Population by Business Activity. Diversion Control Division DEA; 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.209272"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108483"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209431"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_106_2","unstructured":"Department of Health Care Services. Recovery Incentives Program: California\u2019s Contingency Management Benefit. Department of Health Care Services; n.d. Accessed November 1 2025. https:\/\/www.dhcs.ca.gov\/Pages\/DMC-ODS-Contingency-Management.aspx"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2023.107703"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_108_2","unstructured":"California Department of Health Care Services. California Advancing and Innovating Medi-Cal (CalAIM) Demonstration (Project Number 11-W-00193\/9): Section 1115(A) Waiver Quartley Report. California Department of Health Care Services; 2024. Accessed November 1 2025. https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/section-1115-demonstrations\/downloads\/ca-calaim-qutrly-mntrng-rprt-jan-mar-2024.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2024.2399316"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-019-00790-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1990.tb01598.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-024-01071-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.3126"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.12093"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-021-01090-7"}],"container-title":["Substance Use &amp; Addiction Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/29767342261452648","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/29767342261452648","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/29767342261452648","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T11:55:58Z","timestamp":1790682958000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/29767342261452648"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"references-count":114,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/29767342261452648"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/29767342261452648","relation":{},"ISSN":["2976-7342","2976-7350"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2976-7342","type":"print"},{"value":"2976-7350","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]}}}