{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:36:11Z","timestamp":1792787771036,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"national institutes of health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RM1DA059365"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RM1DA059365"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Drug Abuse","award":["UG1DA049444"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1DA049444"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00fq5cm18","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Department of Veterans Affairs, Health Systems Research","award":["CIN 13-414"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIN 13-414"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Substance Use &amp; Addiction Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Medicaid is the largest insurer for patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) and finances a disproportionate share of medication treatment for OUD (MOUD). Within Medicaid, initiation and continuity of MOUD are associated with improved outcomes, but substantial inequities across populations and care settings remain. The Medicaid Outcomes Distributed Research Network (MODRN) has supported Medicaid agency efforts to improve MOUD receipt and continuity of care. In the context of MODRN-Examining Quality Improvement for Medicaid Programs, the Behavioral Health Treatment Engagement and Retention Learning Collaborative (BHTER) will implement and evaluate interventions focused on improving quality and reducing variation in process and clinical outcomes in Medicaid patients with OUD. BHTER\u2019s aims are to (1) estimate the effects of a quality improvement intervention on receipt and continuity of MOUD in intervention practices relative to comparison practices, (2) examine whether a quality improvement intervention narrows racial gaps in rates and continuity of MOUD in intervention relative to comparison practices, (3) examine provider perspectives on the quality improvement intervention, with a focus on practice and process changes that resulted in improvement, and factors that impede or facilitate delivery of high-quality MOUD care. In this protocol paper, we describe the rationale, methods, and impact of BHTER.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/29767342261464063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T11:34:29Z","timestamp":1785324869000},"page":"1214-1223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Behavioral Health Treatment Engagement and Retention Learning Collaborative to Improve Receipt and Continuity of Medication Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4366-3878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dushka","family":"Crane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ohio Colleges of Medicine, Government Resource Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4084-1694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lareina","family":"La Flair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ohio Colleges of Medicine, Government Resource Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8480-171X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shadia","family":"Jallaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ohio Colleges of Medicine, Government Resource Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Bartley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ohio Colleges of Medicine, Government Resource Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0625-2861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marguerite","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"McClure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0357-3934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Barnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie M.","family":"Donohue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2453-8871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam J.","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program for Addiction Research, Clinical Care, Knowledge and Advocacy (PARCKA), Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA"},{"name":"Informatics, Decision-Enhancement, and Analytic Sciences (IDEAS) Center, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"Grimm CA. Geographic Disparities Affect Access to Buprenorphine Services for Opioid Use Disorder. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: Office of Inspector General; 2023. Accessed June 1 2026. https:\/\/oig.hhs.gov\/oei\/reports\/oei-12-17-00240.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2021.1891492"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2018.1449166"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2014.1205"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0009.12137"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.0876"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-021-03452-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2019.1640831"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201700363"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.12553"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13270"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000164"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2015.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2014.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.05.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2009.05.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12600-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-020-00439-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073110518782949"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2010.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0162243920912812"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303483"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11414-013-9341-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","unstructured":"Kennedy S Sheets L. Medicaid delivery system reforms to combat the opioid crisis. Issue Brief. 2021. Accessed December 14 2022. https:\/\/academyhealth.org\/sites\/default\/files\/publication\/%5Bfield_date%3Acustom%3AY%5D-%5Bfield_date%3Acustom%3Am%5D\/mmf_innovative-delivery_brief_7.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","unstructured":"Cole ES Kennedy S Raslevich A et al. State medicaid agencies\u2019 multi-faceted response to the opioid epidemic. 2021. Accessed June 1 2026. https:\/\/collections.nlm.nih.gov\/master\/borndig\/9918399988506676\/9918399988506676.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2020.1787299"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JAN.0000000000000455"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13722-021-00263-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.37238"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-022-01239-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-059328"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18043\/ncm.83.4.288"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43058-022-00306-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13722-021-00233-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108370"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2020.1806184"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2020.1803179"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000001751"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.7374"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","article-title":"Outpatient follow-up and use of medications for opioid use disorder after residential treatment among Medicaid enrollees in 10 states","volume":"241","author":"Medicaid Outcomes Distributed Research Network (MODRN)","year":"2022","unstructured":"Medicaid Outcomes Distributed Research Network (MODRN), Cole ES, Allen L, et al. Outpatient follow-up and use of medications for opioid use disorder after residential treatment among Medicaid enrollees in 10 states. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2022;241:109670.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000780"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac981"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","article-title":"Follow-up after ED visits for opioid use disorder: do they reduce future overdoses?","volume":"142","author":"Medicaid Outcomes Distributed Research Network (MODRN)","year":"2022","unstructured":"Medicaid Outcomes Distributed Research Network (MODRN). Follow-up after ED visits for opioid use disorder: do they reduce future overdoses? J Subst Abuse Treat. 2022;142:108807.","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15959"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/29767342261463426"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-019-0382-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34172\/ijhpm.2021.168"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201700547"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-016-2170-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/26350106221100539"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2022.2032633"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2019.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00099228221091030"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40621-020-00252-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-021-07274-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43058-021-00119-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13722-021-00259-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13722-022-00312-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2020.1832507"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12788\/fp.0186"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxaa405"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-020-06260-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2018.1452327"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022776"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.13260"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000786"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13722-019-0154-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-019-04943-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2018.24.9.875"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11414-008-9124-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_75_2","unstructured":"Institute for Health Care Improvement. Accessed January 3 2023. https:\/\/www.ihi.org\/resources\/Pages\/Publications\/default.aspx"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_76_2","unstructured":"Martin L Laderman M. A systems approach is the only way to address the opioid crisis. Health Affairs Forefront. 2023. Accessed June 1 2026. https:\/\/www.healthaffairs.org\/do\/10.1377\/forefront.20160613.055320"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.13015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.12270"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-040617-013507"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1561\/0800000014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1525822X05282260"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2018.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_83_2","volume-title":"The Improvement Guide: A Practical Approach to Enhancing Organizational Performace","author":"Langley GL","year":"2009","unstructured":"Langley GL, Moen R, Nolan KM, Norman CL, Provost LP. The Improvement Guide: A Practical Approach to Enhancing Organizational Performace. 2nd ed. Jossey-Bass Publishers; 2009.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.541"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2015.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_86_2","unstructured":"The Ohio Colleges of Medicine Government Resource Center. Accessed January 20 2023. https:\/\/grc.osu.edu\/Projects\/OhioOpportunityIndex"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1714249"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.734105"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10742-014-0123-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_90_2","author":"Wooldridge JM.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wooldridge JM. Two-Way Fixed Effects, The Two-Way Mundlak Regression, and Difference-in-Differences Estimators. 2021.","journal-title":"Two-Way Fixed Effects, The Two-Way Mundlak Regression, and Difference-in-Differences Estimators"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_91_2","unstructured":"Wooldridge J Vogelsang T. \u00caSTIMATE: the reduced form. Michigan State University Department of Economics. Accessed January 9 2023. http:\/\/econ.msu.edu\/estimate\/index.php"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2022.2263"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108492"}],"container-title":["Substance Use &amp; Addiction Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/29767342261464063","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/29767342261464063","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/29767342261464063","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T11:57:31Z","timestamp":1790683051000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/29767342261464063"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/29767342261464063"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/29767342261464063","relation":{},"ISSN":["2976-7342","2976-7350"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2976-7342","type":"print"},{"value":"2976-7350","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]}}}