{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T08:34:05Z","timestamp":1777883645669,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Delegaci\u00f3n para el Gobierno del Plan Nacional sobre Drogas (Spain) from the European Union\u2019s Recovery, Transformation and Resilicience Mechanism","award":["EXP 2022\/08882"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXP 2022\/08882"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Substance Use: Research and Treatment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Various studies have provided evidence of the impact of COVID-19 and the measures adopted by governments on drug use and its treatment. After 4\u2009years, a more precise assessment of the evolution of patients and addiction treatment services can be made. The objective of this study is to compare different periods during the COVID-19 pandemic to identify changes in patient profiles and the care activity of addiction treatment centres.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective observational study was conducted using data from March 14, 2019 to June 22, 2022, from addiction centres of Andalusia (Spain). Information related to the treatment of each patient was collected during 1\u2009year after the initiation of treatment (until June 22, 2023). Electronic health records of 29\u2009740 outpatients were analysed and divided into 4 periods (pre-pandemic, lockdown, return to normal and post-lockdown).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Differences were found across the analysed periods. Admissions declined during the lockdown period but subsequently increased, without reaching pre-pandemic levels. Admission to treatment due to opioid dependence increased during the lockdown. In contrast, the percentage of patients with dual pathology decreased. An increase in the dropout rate of patients from treatment was observed compared to the pre-pandemic period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results revealed a similar patient profile across the different analysed periods. The most notable changes are observed in healthcare activity, which appears to have decreased. Therefore, a greater investment is likely required for the reformulation of addiction centres and increased funding to provide adequate assistance to these patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/29768357241306717","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]],"date-time":"2025-01-11T05:20:29Z","timestamp":1736572829000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["How Has the COVID-19 Pandemic Impacted Addiction Services? A Study of the Different Periods of the Pandemic and Patient Treatment Follow-up Over 1 Year"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Narv\u00e1ez-Camargo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cinta","family":"Manche\u00f1o-Velasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"D\u00edaz-Batanero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain"},{"name":"Natural Resources, Health and Environment, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2981-1670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferm\u00edn","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Calder\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain"},{"name":"Natural Resources, Health and Environment, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2722-6563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar M.","family":"Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain"},{"name":"Natural Resources, Health and Environment, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-29768357241306717","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13651501.2021.1939385"},{"key":"bibr2-29768357241306717","unstructured":"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). Impact of COVID-19 on Drug Markets, Use, Harms and Drug Services in the Community and Prisons: Results from and EMCDDA Trendspotter Study. Public Office of the European Union; 2021."},{"key":"bibr3-29768357241306717","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.12.057"},{"key":"bibr4-29768357241306717","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.115003"},{"key":"bibr5-29768357241306717","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.575755"},{"key":"bibr6-29768357241306717","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.114228"},{"key":"bibr7-29768357241306717","first-page":"1","volume":"129","author":"Russell C","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"bibr8-29768357241306717","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108303"},{"key":"bibr9-29768357241306717","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.109065"},{"key":"bibr10-29768357241306717","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000521425"},{"key":"bibr11-29768357241306717","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2020.110070"},{"key":"bibr12-29768357241306717","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15504263.2021.1940413"},{"key":"bibr13-29768357241306717","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00767"},{"key":"bibr14-29768357241306717","first-page":"1","volume":"15","author":"Henretty K","year":"2021","journal-title":"Subst Abuse"},{"key":"bibr15-29768357241306717","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.17029"},{"key":"bibr16-29768357241306717","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11154341"},{"key":"bibr17-29768357241306717","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14555"},{"key":"bibr18-29768357241306717","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15504263.2022.2051110"},{"key":"bibr19-29768357241306717","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2023.1422"},{"key":"bibr20-29768357241306717","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011-023-00564-9"},{"key":"bibr21-29768357241306717","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.109150"},{"key":"bibr22-29768357241306717","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-023-09477-6"},{"key":"bibr23-29768357241306717","unstructured":"European Monitoring Centre for Drug and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). Treatment Demand Indicator (TDI) Standard Protocol 3.0: Guidelines for Reporting Data on People Entering Drug Treatment in European Countries. Public Office of the European Union; 2012."},{"key":"bibr24-29768357241306717","first-page":"1","volume":"10","author":"Dacosta-S\u00e1nchez D","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Medic"},{"key":"bibr25-29768357241306717","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18189728"},{"key":"bibr26-29768357241306717","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.22154"},{"key":"bibr27-29768357241306717","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines: 21st List 2019. World Health Organization; 2019. 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