{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T08:34:17Z","timestamp":1777883657298,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Substance Use: Research and Treatment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Detoxification is often identified as treating drug withdrawal. All drug classes except hallucinogens and inhalants include withdrawal as diagnostic criteria for a substance use disorder diagnosis. This descriptive study provides an analysis of detoxification admissions for individuals with hallucinogens or inhalants as their primary substance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This research aimed to explore the characteristics of these detoxification admissions, focusing on demographics, substance use patterns, and treatment characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study used annual cross-sectional data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using the Treatment Episode Dataset Admissions 2006 to 2022 file, data from 8919 detoxification admissions over a 17-year period from publicly funded treatment facilities in the United States were examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During the 17-year period, n\u2009=\u20096761 and n\u2009=\u20092158 detoxification treatment episode admissions had the primary substance hallucinogens and inhalants, respectively. Polysubstance use was prevalent among both samples, with 66% among the hallucinogen sample and 48% among the inhalant sample, with alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine\/crack being the most commonly co-used substances. A total of 2872 cases were identified as only having hallucinogens and\/or inhalants without other drug classes as reported substances during admission.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These preliminary findings highlight detoxification admissions among individuals with primary substances that do not meet diagnostic criteria for withdrawal. More research is needed to better understand the context of detoxification among individuals with hallucinogens or inhalants as their primary substance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/29768357251393025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T11:10:51Z","timestamp":1763377851000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Descriptive Study of Hallucinogen and Inhalant Detoxification Admissions From 2006 to 2022"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"G. Rose","family":"Geiger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3269-5324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orrin D.","family":"Ware","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Key Substance Use and Mental Health Indicators in the United States: Results from the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. PEP24-07-021 NSDUH Series H-59). Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 2024. https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/data\/report\/2023-nsduh-annual-national-report"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration","year":"2024","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 2023 NSDUH Detailed Tables: Table 5.1B. 2024.","journal-title":"2023 NSDUH Detailed Tables: Table 5.1B"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. text rev. https:\/\/dsm.psychiatryonline.org\/doi\/book\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","volume-title":"ICD-10-CM 2024: The Complete Official Codebook","author":"American Medical Association","year":"2023","unstructured":"American Medical Association. ICD-10-CM 2024: The Complete Official Codebook. American Medical Association; 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/SAR.S14937"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2009.06.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5545.42399"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr.01.2010.2617"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781483365817"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","volume-title":"Detoxification and Substance Abuse Treatment","author":"Center for Substance Abuse Treatment","year":"2006","unstructured":"Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Detoxification and Substance Abuse Treatment. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series. 2006; No. 45. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 15-4131."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration","year":"2024","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Data From: Treatment Episode Data Set Admissions (TEDS-A) Concatenated 2006-2022: Public Use File. 2024.","journal-title":"Data From: Treatment Episode Data Set Admissions (TEDS-A) Concatenated 2006-2022: Public Use File"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24277-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","unstructured":"IBM Corp. IBM SPSS Statistics Base 29. 2021. Accessed February 7 2025. https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/docs\/en\/SSLVMB_29.0.0\/pdf\/IBM_SPSS_Statistics_Base.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwac115"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-48558-6.00001-3"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","first-page":"139","article-title":"Management of withdrawal syndromes and relapse prevention in drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"58","author":"Miller NS","year":"1998","unstructured":"Miller NS, Gold MS. Management of withdrawal syndromes and relapse prevention in drug and alcohol dependence. 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