{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,24]],"date-time":"2026-05-24T07:05:37Z","timestamp":1779606337034,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health","award":["R01DA050678"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA050678"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Substance Use: Research and Treatment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stigma related to methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) remains a substantial barrier to treatment engagement among people who use drugs (PWUD). Understanding how MMT-related stigma influences adherence self-efficacy is critical for supporting treatment engagement and optimizing long-term outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study examined the associations between MMT-related stigma, with a specific focus on anticipated and internalized stigma, and self-efficacy for treatment adherence among PWUD in Vietnam.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used cross-sectional baseline data collected between April and July 2024 from an intervention trial conducted in 3 provinces of Vietnam. Bivariate correlations and hierarchical multiple linear regression models were used to assess the relationships between 2 forms of MMT-related stigma and self-efficacy for treatment adherence, adjusting for relevant sociodemographic and background characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 690 PWUD participants, both anticipated MMT-related stigma (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u2212.339,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001) and internalized MMT-related stigma (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u2212.225,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001) were negatively correlated with self-efficacy in treatment adherence. In adjusted regression analyses that included both stigma dimensions and participants\u2019 characteristics, only anticipated stigma remained independently associated with lower adherence self-efficacy (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.198, SE\u2009=\u20090.031, \u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u2212.238,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings underscore the importance of integrating strategies to address and reduce MMT-related stigma. Interventions that explicitly address anticipated stigma may be critical for strengthening confidence in treatment adherence and supporting sustained outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/29768357261452223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T08:31:22Z","timestamp":1779352282000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Methadone Maintenance Treatment-Related Stigma and Adherence Self-Efficacy in Vietnam"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0897-3527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hieu Ngoc","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Training and Research on Substance Abuse and HIV, Hanoi Medical University, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3402-142X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuan Anh","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thang Hong","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HRP.0000000000000075"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201300235"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-2149"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-021-00535-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13722-022-00316-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.84.2.191"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2011.07.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2021.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2019.54"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186458"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09274-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41043-021-00225-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113470"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-020-02794-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2014.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-022-00491-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","article-title":"Don\u2019t judge a book by its cover\u201d: a qualitative study of methadone patients\u2019 experiences of stigma","volume":"11","author":"Woo J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Woo J, Bhalerao A, Bawor M, et al. Don\u2019t judge a book by its cover\u201d: a qualitative study of methadone patients\u2019 experiences of stigma. Subst Abuse. 2017;11:1178221816685087.","journal-title":"Subst Abuse"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/prj0000377"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462417696431"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-03740-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201600056"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.2147"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/732484"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12589"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2022.109699"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-015-0063-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-2897-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/44219"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-007-9118-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14799"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.116869"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjhp.12534"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-006-9018-6"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","first-page":"1838707","article-title":"Social norms and political constructions of drug use: a narrative story of Vietnam","volume":"6","author":"Tuan Truong D","unstructured":"Tuan Truong D, Duc Nguyen B, Van Nguyen O, Cong Pham D, Thanh Luong H. Social norms and political constructions of drug use: a narrative story of Vietnam. Cogent Soc Sci. 2020\/01\/01;6(1):1838707.","journal-title":"Cogent Soc Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2019.03.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-019-02644-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-015-1164-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-016-1451-5"}],"container-title":["Substance Use: Research and Treatment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/29768357261452223","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/29768357261452223","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/29768357261452223","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,24]],"date-time":"2026-05-24T06:16:28Z","timestamp":1779603388000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/29768357261452223"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/29768357261452223"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/29768357261452223","relation":{},"ISSN":["2976-8357","2976-8357"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2976-8357","type":"print"},{"value":"2976-8357","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"article-number":"29768357261452223"}}