{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T20:18:58Z","timestamp":1790713138990,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"ZonMw","award":["10270032021502"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10270032021502"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Extended Reality"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    With the rising adoption of virtual reality (VR) in health care, research publications on the topic are increasing rapidly. Guidance on reporting VR interventions is limited, which risks misinterpretation of findings, inappropriate data synthesis in reviews and meta-analyses, and reduced reproducibility. This could also result in possible misuse of VR interventions and might hinder further implementation in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to develop a reporting guideline for therapeutic, immersive VR interventions using head-mounted displays in scientific publications. To reach this aim, we intended to achieve expert consensus on key items and categories for reporting these interventions. We conducted a three-round, modified, online Delphi study with a validation meeting to develop a VR intervention reporting guideline. Participants were international experts in therapeutic VR research, working as academic or industrial researchers. Convenience, purposive, and snowball sampling were used to recruit participants. Consensus was defined\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">a priori<\/jats:italic>\n                    as \u226575% agreement on each reporting item and category. Of the 280 invited experts, 61 participants (22%) completed all three rounds of this Delphi study. Participants (32 females [52%]) had an average of 6 years\u2019 experience with VR research and diverse backgrounds in VR research settings and disciplines. The final consensus-based VR intervention reporting guideline consists of 16 reporting items divided into six categories (i.e., theory, content, deployment, development, safety, and context). The INVIRTUE intervention reporting guideline provides a framework for describing therapeutic VR interventions. Using this tool may enhance the uniformity and completeness of VR intervention reporting and support study replicability and scientific progress. The reporting guideline will also facilitate efficient empirical comparison across existing VR interventions and ultimately contribute to the appropriate use and effective implementation of therapeutic VR in clinical practice.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/29941520251404744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T17:15:06Z","timestamp":1767114906000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Reporting Guideline for Therapeutic Immersive Virtual Reality Interventions: International eDelphi Study (INVIRTUE)"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Syl","family":"Slatman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, School for Allied Health, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands."},{"name":"Research Group Innovation of Human Movement Care, Knowledge Center Healthy and Sustainable Living, HU University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Harvie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation, Implementation and Clinical Translation in Health (IIMPACT in Health), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"van der Heijden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, School for Allied Health, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loes","family":"Bulle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group IT Innovations in Health Care, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Zwolle, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beate","family":"Dejaco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, School for Allied Health, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry","family":"van Goor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tjitske Diederike","family":"Groenveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter Alexander","family":"van de Hoef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group Innovation of Human Movement Care, Knowledge Center Healthy and Sustainable Living, HU University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maaike","family":"Kragting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Research Centre for Health Care Innovations, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"Ostelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and Amsterdam Movement Science Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands."},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit &amp; Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Musculoskeletal Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brennan","family":"Spiegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Center for Outcomes Research and Education, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA."},{"name":"Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Bart","family":"Staal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, School for Allied Health, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands."},{"name":"Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, IQ health, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zina","family":"Trost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darcy","family":"Ummels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Faculty of Health, Medicine &amp; Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesper","family":"Knoop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, School for Allied Health, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands."},{"name":"Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Program Musculoskeletal Health, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrij Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"INVIRTUE Expert Panel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11936-019-0722-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2792790"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chbr.2024.100505"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002883"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-021-09935-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/str0000300"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-025-01207-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jmxr.2024.0043"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frvir.2022.1018804"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-024-08166-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-001978"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/11973"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000003348"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5093\/pi2021a8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1203670"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzaa123"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g1687"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20150668"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcomp.2022.1034307"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2000.t01-1-01567.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5662\/wjm.v11.i4.116"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21061\/jcte.v15i2.702"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000217"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216317690685"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-11-174"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002060"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/56790"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706QP063OA"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","volume-title":"The Delphi Method: Techniques and Applications","author":"Linstone HA","year":"1975","unstructured":"Linstone HA, , Turoff M. 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