{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T08:08:19Z","timestamp":1789114099626,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000051","name":"National Human Genome Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000051","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Extended Reality"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Virtual reality (VR) can deliver standardized, ecologically valid assessments while capturing nuanced psychological and behavioral outcomes. Sensitivity of VR assessments to pharmacological interventions, however, has seldom been tested.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a secondary analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study evaluating a growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR, the ghrelin receptor) blocker (PF-5190457) in people (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 29) with alcohol use disorder. The previously reported primary study results demonstrated that the GHSR blocker did not reduce alcohol cue\u2013elicited craving but did reduce the number of calories selected in a VR buffet food choice assessment. Here, we investigated the impact of the drug on experiences and behavior in the VR buffet.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants reported higher levels of liking the VR, more typicality, and more satisfaction with their food choices under the GHSR blocker than the placebo. We also found that participants who were given the placebo first took longer to make a decision about the food they should eat and were also more likely to go up for a second serving of food when on the placebo. This was significantly less likely for participants who were given the GHSR blocker.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present results suggest that the GHSR blocker influenced experiences and behavior in the VR buffet in ways that are conceptually consistent with the known real-world effects of blocking the ghrelin system. These findings support the validity of using VR buffets as proxies for real-world measurements in pharmacology contexts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/29941520261484294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T10:54:31Z","timestamp":1788951271000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Experiences and Behavior During a Virtual Reality Buffet Simulation: A Secondary Analysis of a Ghrelin-Related Pharmacology Randomized Controlled Trial in People with Alcohol Use Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Matthew R.","family":"Leitao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Social &amp; Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Farokhnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA."},{"name":"Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Leggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA."},{"name":"Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA."},{"name":"Division of Addiction Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA."},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7768-5744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan","family":"Persky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social &amp; Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-025-02216-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327965PLI1302_01"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-200210000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40594-024-00487-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-021-00520-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102213"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00280"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/1122286"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.03.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2024.1380575"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.08.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2020.104741"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2023.107052"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2025.107988"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2018.0644"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2014.09.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054716647480"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00093"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.70021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2012.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.12.8111"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00024.2021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/spc3.12496"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-018-0064-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.182331"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2017.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0000000000000172"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2013.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/pres.18.4.294"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/105474699566152"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI168260"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.01.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agx082"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-024-01821-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2017.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.24216"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2018.1508683"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.70366"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Extended Reality"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/29941520261484294","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/29941520261484294","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/29941520261484294","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T07:16:18Z","timestamp":1789110978000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/29941520261484294"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/29941520261484294"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/29941520261484294","relation":{},"ISSN":["2994-1520","2994-1520"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2994-1520","type":"print"},{"value":"2994-1520","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"article-number":"29941520261484294"}}