{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T17:15:43Z","timestamp":1793639743307,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sage Open Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The precise etiology and molecular mechanisms underlying pterygium pathogenesis remain poorly understood, and the expression pattern of pluripotency-associated transcription factor SOX2 in human ocular surface has not been fully characterized. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the expression profile of SOX2 and its potential role in pterygium formation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We thoroughly investigated the expression of SOX2 in the cornea, limbus, healthy conjunctiva and pteyrigium by immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found that SOX2 is aberrantly expressed in different cellular layers of cornea, limbus and conjunctiva in human ocular surface tissues. Comparative analysis further revealed a sustained elevated SOX2 expression in the pterygium tissues compared with healthy conjunctiva. This increased SOX2 expression was accompanied by upregulation of Ki67 but not CK15.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results suggest that SOX2 is expressed at varying levels in human ocular surface tissues. Also, we report, for the first time, that SOX2 may play a regulatory role in the development of pterygium by promoting cellular proliferation during the abnormal extension of conjunctival tissue onto the corneal surface.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/30502098261477393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T05:23:57Z","timestamp":1785993837000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Differential Expression of Sox2 in Human Ocular Surface and Its Implication in Pterygium Pathogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3287-942X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasan Mahmud","family":"Reza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"North South University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hajime","family":"Ogino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hiroshima University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chio","family":"Oka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasumasa","family":"Bessho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunio","family":"Yasuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","first-page":"S5","article-title":"Pterygium: epidemiology prevention and treatment","volume":"30","author":"Singh SK","year":"2017","unstructured":"Singh SK. 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