{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:07:42Z","timestamp":1791216462240,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sage Open Pediatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Objective<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Early childhood screen-time impacts school readiness, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study examined associations between screen-time and readiness for formal schooling among toddlers and preschoolers in Kakamega County, Kenya.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Methods.<\/jats:italic>\n                    A cross-sectional study of 144 children aged 2 to 5\u2009years was conducted using the Denver II developmental screening and ECDI2030 to assess school readiness. Parent-reported questionnaires captured demographic data and screen media exposure.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Participants\u2019 median age was 48\u2009months (IQR\u2009=\u200920.75), with an average screen-time of 2.0\u2009hours\/day (IQR\u2009=\u20091.425), exceeding recommended guidelines of 1\u2009hour. Children exceeding recommended screen-time had 52% lower odds of readiness, while parental supervision increased readiness odds by 68%. While parental age was associated with readiness, child sex, household income, and educational content showed no significant associations.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Excessive screen-time may result in lower readiness, emphasizing risks in low-resource settings. Parental involvement and culturally tailored interventions are vital for early childhood development.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/30502225251318091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T02:21:51Z","timestamp":1741832511000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Associations Between Screen Exposure, Home Media Environments, and Indicators of School Readiness in Toddlers and Preschoolers from Kakamega County, Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7366-3911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel E.","family":"Okenwa-Vincent","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaimosi Friends University, Kaimosi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6881-7859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rose","family":"Opiyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Educational Psychology,\u2009Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6382-3248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benoit","family":"Gauthier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC,\u2009Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ijang Bih","family":"Ngyah-Etchutambe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9694-9744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaser","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Ben\u00edtez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Cienfuegos, Cienfuegos, Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzan","family":"Al Abidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Al Ain University, Al Ain, UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda S.","family":"Pagani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC,\u2009Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.43.6.1428"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-0079"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","unstructured":"UNICEF. 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