{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T17:32:42Z","timestamp":1777656762642,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sage Open Pediatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We sought to describe the clinical, radiological characteristics and determine the outcomes of children with primary headache. A retrospective observational study was conducted. Children with primary headache were recruited. Demographic, clinical and radiological data were compiled. Visual Analog Scale was used to determine pain severity. Seventy-three patients were included in the study. Their median age was 10.0 (IQR: 8.0-12.0)\u2009years, and 38 (52.1%) were female. Fiftyfour (74.0%) had migraine headache. Majority, 50 (68.5%) reported severe headaches at presentation. Three (4.1%) patients had abnormal findings on MRI while 5 (6.8%) patients had abnormal findings on EEG. Most participants were pain free at 3 and 6\u2009months follow up. Most used prophylactic agent was sodium valproate (84.0%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Migraine is the most common primary headache in children. Detailed clinical history and physical examination avoids unnecessary costly investigations. Severe disability can be prevented by use of proper prophylaxis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/30502225251321029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T05:20:26Z","timestamp":1744694426000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical, Radiological Characteristics and Outcomes of Primary Headache in Children at a Tertiary Hospital in Kenya: A Retrospective Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1030-0129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorcas Supa","family":"Tunje","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Machakos County Referral Hospital, Kenya"},{"name":"Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7845-013X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine","family":"Oyieke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7427-0439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pauline","family":"Samia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2013.0811"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417738202"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-013-0341-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.12409"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2021.102374"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-020-00892-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1474-4422(18)30322-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-019-1537-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.1.e1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.159.12.1157"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-018-0486-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-023-01122-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2024.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.872"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13625"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2020.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2024.2349791"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1610384"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-020-01179-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25122\/jml-2020-0025"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.116997"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","first-page":"433","article-title":"[Therapeutic exercise as treatment for migraine and tension-type headaches: a systematic review of randomised clinical trials]","volume":"57","author":"Gil-Mart\u00ednez A","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gil-Mart\u00ednez A, Kindelan-Calvo P, Agudo-Carmona D, Mu\u00f1oz-Plata R, L\u00f3pez-de-Uralde-Villanueva I, La Touche R. [Therapeutic exercise as treatment for migraine and tension-type headaches: a systematic review of randomised clinical trials]. 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