{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T20:22:22Z","timestamp":1791490942588,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sage Open Pediatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study investigated the clinical features, treatment approaches, and outcomes of severe\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bacille Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin<\/jats:italic>\n                      (BCG) vaccine complications in Chinese children.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BCG is the only available vaccine for tuberculosis (TB) prevention but can cause serious complications such as local abscesses, lymphadenitis, and disseminated BCG. Research on their management in China is limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This observational study reviewed 95 children with severe BCG-related complications treated at a tuberculosis-specialized hospital in Guangdong, China (2016-2020). Of these, 33 (34.7%) had injection site reactions, 55 (57.9%) developed lymphadenitis with 31 suppurative cases, and 7 (7.4%) had disseminated BCG. All deep abscesses and suppurative lymphadenitis were successfully treated with surgery and anti-tubercular therapy. Two disseminated BCG cases had primary immunodeficiency, and 1 of them died.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most local reactions respond to conservative treatment. Surgery combined with anti-tubercular therapy is effective for suppurative lymphadenitis. Early immunological evaluation is essential for disseminated disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/30502225251346345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T03:04:20Z","timestamp":1750388660000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Severe Adverse Reactions to Bacille Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) Vaccination in China: A Single-Center Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Shaomei","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fenggang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huilian","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2499-6127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shengkun","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003591573102401109"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit790"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.96.1.29"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy207"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"1125","article-title":"Comparison of BCG vaccine quality standards of domestic and foreign","volume":"40","author":"Ai-hua Z","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ai-hua Z, Guo-zhi W, Li-li F. Comparison of BCG vaccine quality standards of domestic and foreign. Chin J Antituberc. 2018;40(10):1125.","journal-title":"Chin J Antituberc"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.07.103"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"48","article-title":"A study of the incidence of BCG vaccine complications in infants of Babol, Mazandaran (2011-2013)","volume":"7","author":"Barari-Savadkouhi R","year":"2016","unstructured":"Barari-Savadkouhi R, Shour A, Masrour-Roudsari J. A study of the incidence of BCG vaccine complications in infants of Babol, Mazandaran (2011-2013). Casp J Intern -med. 2016;7(1):48-51.","journal-title":"Casp J Intern -med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","volume-title":"Bacille Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG)","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2012","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Information sheet observed rate of vaccine reactions. Bacille Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) vaccine Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","unstructured":"Alshahrani D Alshehri M Alzahrani M et al. Bacillus Calmettee Gu\u00e9rin vaccine related lymphadenitis in children: Management guidelines endorsed by the Saudi Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (SPIDS); 2015."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"93","article-title":"Quality control of BCG vaccine by WHO: a review of factors that may influence vaccine effectiveness and safety","volume":"68","author":"Milstien JB","year":"1990","unstructured":"Milstien JB, Gibson JJ. Quality control of BCG vaccine by WHO: a review of factors that may influence vaccine effectiveness and safety. Bull World Health Organ. 1990;68(1):93-108.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"594","article-title":"Surveillance for adverse events following immunization with bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin vaccine in China, 2015-2019","volume":"27","author":"Wang M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang M, Sun W, Li K, et al. Surveillance for adverse events following immunization with bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin vaccine in China, 2015-2019. Chi n J Vaccines Immun. 2021;27(5):594-598.","journal-title":"Chi n J Vaccines Immun"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/499953"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/338462"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","first-page":"125","article-title":"Analysis of surveillance for adverse events following immunization in China, 2014","volume":"2","author":"Ye J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ye J, Li K, Xu D, et al. Analysis of surveillance for adverse events following immunization in China, 2014. Chin J Vaccines Immun. 2016;2:125-137.","journal-title":"Chin J Vaccines Immun"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-021-00421-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qco.0000160895.97362.4f"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2005.078972"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14740\/ijcp279w"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","first-page":"84","article-title":"Complications of bacille Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) vaccination and immunotherapy and their management","volume":"1","author":"Grange J.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Grange J. Complications of bacille Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) vaccination and immunotherapy and their management. Commun Dis Public Health. 1998;1(2):84-88.","journal-title":"Commun Dis Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-9946201658084"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aller.2016.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200205000-00026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpam.2015.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2013-304457"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.05.098"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2015.3.10294"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06531-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.71.5.446"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pmj.78.920.327"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmt100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2020.1819102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmn053"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","first-page":"532","article-title":"Guideline for clinical management of adverse reactions of bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin","volume":"43","author":"Tuberculosis Branch of Chinese Medical Association","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tuberculosis Branch of Chinese Medical Association. Guideline for clinical management of adverse reactions of bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin. Chin J Antituberc. 2021;43(6):532-538.","journal-title":"Chin J Antituberc"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7774\/cevr.2015.4.2.195"},{"issue":"17","key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","first-page":"3696","article-title":"Disseminated Bacille Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin disease in Saudi children: clinical profile, microbiology, immunology evaluation and outcome","volume":"20","author":"Bukhari E","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bukhari E, Alaklobi F, Bakheet H, et al. Disseminated Bacille Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin disease in Saudi children: clinical profile, microbiology, immunology evaluation and outcome. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2016;20(17):3696-3702.","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/513642"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmac094"}],"container-title":["Sage Open Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/30502225251346345","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/30502225251346345","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/30502225251346345","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:07:22Z","timestamp":1777446442000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/30502225251346345"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/30502225251346345"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/30502225251346345","relation":{},"ISSN":["3050-2225","3050-2225"],"issn-type":[{"value":"3050-2225","type":"print"},{"value":"3050-2225","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"article-number":"30502225251346345"}}