{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T17:34:23Z","timestamp":1777656863253,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sage Open Pediatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We modeled the trajectories of respiratory rate and recovery time among children under 5\u2009years of age admitted to at Arba Minch General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia. A retrospective study design was conducted on 201 patients, and a joint modeling approach was adopted. Results revealed that a higher value of the respiratory rate is associated with a lower hazard of recovery (\u03b1\u2009=\u2009\u2212.067,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    -value\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Severity of pneumonia, presence of danger signs and presence of hyperactive airway disease (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    -value\u2009&lt;\u2009.05 for each) were the factors associated with the evolution of respiratory rate. Patients with moderate and severe levels of malnutrition had 69% (Adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR)\u2009=\u20090.31, 95% CI 0.098-0.842) and 97.4%\u2009(AHR\u2009=\u20090.026, 95% CI 0.005-0.106) lower hazard of recovery, respectively. Patients with comorbidities and a history of tuberculosis had a 55.9% (AHR\u2009=\u20090.441, 95% CI 0.279-0.689) and 80.2% (AHR\u2009=\u20090.198, 95% CI 0.081-0.418) lower hazard of recovery, respectively.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/30502225251396219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T06:30:02Z","timestamp":1764570602000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Determinants of Respiratory Rate Trajectory and Recovery Time in Under-Five Children With Severe Pneumonia: A Joint Modeling Approach"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Markos Abiso","family":"Erango","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Arba Minch University, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Awutalu Alula","family":"Assefa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arba Minch University, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8516-5186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Belay Belete","family":"Anjullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arba Minch University, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41479-022-00101-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.1017386"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42269-022-00921-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0235818"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1606783"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/3464907"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-016-0709-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2017.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","article-title":"The R package JMbayes for fitting joint models for longitudinal and time-to-event data using MCMC","author":"Rizopoulos D.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rizopoulos D. The R package JMbayes for fitting joint models for longitudinal and time-to-event data using MCMC. arXiv preprint arXiv:1404.7625, 2014.","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:1404.7625"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","volume-title":"Survival of Children Aged Less Than Two Years With Pneumonia in Mulago Hospital Kampala","author":"Opio JH.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Opio JH. Survival of Children Aged Less Than Two Years With Pneumonia in Mulago Hospital Kampala. Makerere University; 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10742-012-0092-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2529876"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198524847.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","volume-title":"Linear mixed models for longitudinal data","author":"Verbeke G","year":"2009","unstructured":"Verbeke G, Molenberghs G. Linear mixed models for longitudinal data. Springer Science & Business Media; 2009."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/73.1.13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0282637"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280212445800"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v035.i09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0239655"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41479-020-00077-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tamirat ZG Gelagay AA Boke MM. Time to Recovery and Its Predictors Among Children Age of 2 Up to 59 Months Admitted With Severe Community Acquired Pneumonia in Public Hospitals of Central and North Gondar Zones Ethiopia 2021. Research Square 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-1850638\/v1","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-1850638\/v1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122052"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jhm.2370"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02170-2016"}],"container-title":["Sage Open Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/30502225251396219","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/30502225251396219","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/30502225251396219","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:07:32Z","timestamp":1777446452000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/30502225251396219"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/30502225251396219"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/30502225251396219","relation":{},"ISSN":["3050-2225","3050-2225"],"issn-type":[{"value":"3050-2225","type":"print"},{"value":"3050-2225","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"article-number":"30502225251396219"}}