{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T12:03:52Z","timestamp":1789473832692,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,11]],"date-time":"2016-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1452470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective. The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of bupropion plus naltrexone for weight loss were reviewed. Data Sources. A MEDLINE search (1970 to November 2015) was conducted for English-language articles using specific MESH terms. Study Selection and Data Extraction. Published Phase 3 clinical trials with primary endpoints related to weight loss were included and critiqued in this review. Study Selection and Data Extraction. Five trials were retrieved and reviewed regarding the efficacy and safety of bupropion plus naltrexone among obese and overweight patients. Data Synthesis. Bupropion is a dopamine\/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, and naltrexone is an opioid receptor antagonist. The combination of these agents has led to increased weight loss, compared to placebo, among overweight and obese patients with a body mass index (BMI) at or above 30 or BMI at or above 27 with a comorbid condition. The combination of bupropion and naltrexone can produce an average placebo-subtracted weight loss of 4.25% over 56 weeks. Gastrointestinal (ie, nausea, vomiting, constipation) and central nervous system adverse events (ie, headache, dizziness) were commonly reported, and there was a high dropout rate among participants. Conclusions. Bupropion plus naltrexone has demonstrated effective weight loss, in conjunction with lifestyle modifications, among overweight and obese patients with and without comorbidities. Bupropion plus naltrexone has not been studied among special patient populations, such as those with sleep apnea, osteoarthritis, or extreme BMIs. Additional clinical trials and postmarketing data will provide a better understanding of this medication for weight loss.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/8755122515624220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,13]],"date-time":"2016-01-13T00:40:15Z","timestamp":1452645615000},"page":"125-132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Role of Bupropion Plus Naltrexone for the Management of Obesity"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Kemper","family":"Booth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Presbyterian College School of Pharmacy, Clinton, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer N.","family":"Clements","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, Presbyterian College, Clinton, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-8755122515624220","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Adult obesity facts. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/obesity\/data\/adult.html. Accessed June 2, 2015."},{"key":"bibr2-8755122515624220","unstructured":"Frellick M. AMA declares obesity a disease. Medscape Medical News. http:\/\/www.medscape.com\/viewarticle\/806566. Published June 19, 2013. Accessed December 17, 2015."},{"key":"bibr3-8755122515624220","first-page":"51S","volume":"6","year":"1998","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"bibr4-8755122515624220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.10.1238"},{"key":"bibr5-8755122515624220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.2014"},{"key":"bibr6-8755122515624220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.10432"},{"key":"bibr7-8755122515624220","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration. Guidance for industry: developing products for weight management (draft guidance). http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/downloads\/Drugs\/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation\/Guidances\/ucm071612.pdf. Accessed on June 2, 2015."},{"key":"bibr8-8755122515624220","unstructured":"Contrave [package insert]. Deerfield, IL: Takeda Pharmaceuticals America, Inc, and La Jolla, CA: Orexigen Therapeutics, Inc; 2014."},{"key":"bibr9-8755122515624220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-3415"},{"key":"bibr10-8755122515624220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.11.004"},{"key":"bibr11-8755122515624220","unstructured":"Seger JC, Horn HB, Westman EC, Obesity algorithm. http:\/\/www.obesityalgorithm.org. Accessed July 18, 2015."},{"key":"bibr12-8755122515624220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4158\/endp.19.2.a38267720403k242"},{"key":"bibr13-8755122515624220","unstructured":"Wellbutrin [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NC: GlaxoSmithKline; 2014."},{"key":"bibr14-8755122515624220","unstructured":"Zyban [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NC: GlaxoSmithKline; 2015."},{"key":"bibr15-8755122515624220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(02)85141-4"},{"key":"bibr16-8755122515624220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2002.86"},{"key":"bibr17-8755122515624220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2002.142"},{"key":"bibr18-8755122515624220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1350"},{"key":"bibr19-8755122515624220","unstructured":"Naltrexone [package insert]. Sellersville, PA: Teva Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2013."},{"key":"bibr20-8755122515624220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2010.147"},{"key":"bibr21-8755122515624220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60888-4"},{"key":"bibr22-8755122515624220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20309"},{"key":"bibr23-8755122515624220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-0234"},{"key":"bibr24-8755122515624220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2011.330"},{"key":"bibr25-8755122515624220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60205-5"},{"key":"bibr26-8755122515624220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1256"},{"key":"bibr27-8755122515624220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0909809"},{"key":"bibr28-8755122515624220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2012.66"},{"key":"bibr29-8755122515624220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2013.120"},{"key":"bibr30-8755122515624220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411892"},{"key":"bibr31-8755122515624220","unstructured":"ClinicalTrials.gov. Identifier NCT01601704. Cardiovascular outcomes study of naltrexone SR\/bupropion SR in overweight and obese subjects with cardiovascular risk factors (The Light Study). https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT01601704?term=LIGHT+study&rank=3. Accessed December 17, 2015."},{"key":"bibr32-8755122515624220","unstructured":"O\u2019Riordan M. LIGHT stopped: Contrave CVD safety study halted following premature release of data. Medscape News Alerts. http:\/\/www.medscape.com\/viewarticle\/844575. Published May 12, 2015. 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