{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T08:50:45Z","timestamp":1777884645648,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727395200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: Prompt treatment of sepsis and septic shock is critical as delays increase mortality risk. Various tools, such as electronic alerts, standardized order sets, and rapid response teams, are used to expedite sepsis bundled care, yet their individual effects on outcomes and antimicrobial timing are unclear. This study evaluated the impact of an Inpatient Code Sepsis protocol, featuring an overhead page and order set, on mortality in hospitalized patients with sepsis and septic shock. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a 371-bed hospital from July 1, 2020, to July 31, 2023. Hospitalized adults (\u226518 years) diagnosed with sepsis and septic shock before and after the Inpatient Code Sepsis protocol implementation were included. The primary outcome was 30-day all-cause mortality; secondary outcomes were hospital length of stay, 30-day readmission, and time to antibiotic administration. Patients were excluded if they were identified for sepsis without infection, had sepsis due to non-bacterial causes, lost to follow-up within 30 days of admission, received empiric antibiotics in an emergency department or outside hospital, or were missing antibiotic administration time. Results: A total of 138 patients were included in the analysis. Mortality within 30 days did not significantly differ preprotocol and postprotocol ( p = 0.381). However, a significant reduction in time to antibiotic administration was noted postimplementation ( p &lt; 0.05). Hospital length of stay and 30-day readmission showed no significant changes. Conclusion: The Inpatient Code Sepsis protocol did not impact 30-day mortality but did improve the time to antibiotic administration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/87551225241283193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T06:04:44Z","timestamp":1727417084000},"page":"263-268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients With Sepsis Before and After Implementation of a Sepsis Care Improvement Initiative at a Community Hospital"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Kenneth J.","family":"Richardson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Euclid Hospital, Cleveland Clinic, Euclid, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chanda L.","family":"Mullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Cleveland Clinic Main Campus, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0070-8100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gretchen L.","family":"Sacha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Cleveland Clinic Main Campus, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2525-2971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik M.","family":"Wasowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Euclid Hospital, Cleveland Clinic, Euclid, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-87551225241283193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287"},{"key":"bibr2-87551225241283193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.13836"},{"key":"bibr3-87551225241283193","volume-title":"Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Statistical Briefs","author":"Liang L","year":"2020"},{"issue":"11","key":"bibr4-87551225241283193","first-page":"1181","volume":"47","author":"Evans L","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"bibr5-87551225241283193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2021.07.2167"},{"key":"bibr6-87551225241283193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201609-1848OC"},{"key":"bibr7-87551225241283193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NAJ.0000997176.62217.0e"},{"key":"bibr8-87551225241283193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2015.08.039"},{"key":"bibr9-87551225241283193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1703058"},{"key":"bibr10-87551225241283193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001020"},{"key":"bibr11-87551225241283193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-017-0280-7"},{"key":"bibr12-87551225241283193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-022-01957-x"},{"key":"bibr13-87551225241283193","unstructured":"QnetPublic Home. Severe sepsis and septic shock (SEP-1) monotherapy and combination therapy, antibiotic selection tables, version 5.1. Available at: https:\/\/www.qualitynet.org\/dcs\/ContentServer?pagename=QnetPublic\/Search\/SearchResults&keywords=sep-1&rowNum=41"},{"key":"bibr14-87551225241283193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.07.002"},{"key":"bibr15-87551225241283193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jen.2019.07.001"},{"key":"bibr16-87551225241283193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.38596"},{"key":"bibr17-87551225241283193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2715"},{"key":"bibr18-87551225241283193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jointm.2022.03.003"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/87551225241283193","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/87551225241283193","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/87551225241283193","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T02:32:45Z","timestamp":1777602765000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/87551225241283193"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/87551225241283193"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/87551225241283193","relation":{},"ISSN":["8755-1225","1549-4810"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8755-1225","type":"print"},{"value":"1549-4810","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]]}}}