{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T15:25:35Z","timestamp":1766157935381,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,11]],"date-time":"2016-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1455148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Comparative Political Studies"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Are political parties willing to partially forgo their office and policy goals to maximize their coalition governance capacities? Multiparty governments are plagued with preference heterogeneity and uncertainty about policy outcomes. In this article, we argue that parties choose to make a strategic allocation of portfolios to curb delegation perils. They use portfolios with jurisdiction overlaps to shadow each other at the ministerial level. We define a wary partners\u2019 situation when different parties control the portfolios that form a jurisdiction combination. We test this hypothesis for 12 West European parliamentary democracies since 1945. Our contribution conjugates a Monte Carlo simulation, which estimates whether real-world distribution differs significantly from expected allocation under nonstrategic behavior, with in-depth interviews with more than 40 former ministers. Results show that wary partners are used extensively as coalition governance mechanisms, particularly because of their capacity to curb information asymmetries and to avoid interministerial gridlock. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0010414016628189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,13]],"date-time":"2016-02-13T09:51:44Z","timestamp":1455357104000},"page":"1270-1300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Wary Partners"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Jorge M.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Meinfelder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Moury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0010414015574880"},{"key":"bibr2-0010414016628189","unstructured":"Andersson S., Bergman T., Ersson S. (2014). The European Representative Democracy Data Archive, Release 3 (Main Sponsor: Riksbankens Jubileumsfond) (In2007-0149:1-E). Available from www.erdda.se"},{"key":"bibr3-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6765.00518"},{"key":"bibr4-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198297864.003.0008","volume-title":"Cabinets and coalition bargaining\u2014The democratic life cycle in Western Europe","author":"Andeweg R. B.","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr5-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6765.2010.01980.x"},{"key":"bibr6-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01402380701276295"},{"key":"bibr7-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511980046"},{"key":"bibr8-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1958776"},{"key":"bibr9-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0010414011421309"},{"key":"bibr10-0010414016628189","unstructured":"Casal B\u00e9rtoa F. (2015). Database on WHO GOVERNS in Europe and beyond, PSGo. Available from www.whogoverns.eu"},{"key":"bibr11-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511791123"},{"key":"bibr12-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5907.2011.00519.x"},{"key":"bibr13-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01402380600968844"},{"key":"bibr14-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6765.2005.00217.x"},{"key":"bibr15-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01402380108425415"},{"key":"bibr16-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1354068811436052"},{"key":"bibr17-0010414016628189","first-page":"73","volume-title":"Cabinet ministers and parliamentary government","author":"Farrell B.","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr18-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2090664"},{"key":"bibr19-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5907.2011.00524.x"},{"key":"bibr20-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-92407-6"},{"key":"bibr21-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S000305540808012X"},{"key":"bibr22-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007123408000318"},{"volume-title":"The logic of delegation: Congressional parties and the appropriations process","year":"1991","author":"Kiewiet D. R.","key":"bibr23-0010414016628189"},{"key":"bibr24-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0010414005276307"},{"key":"bibr25-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199599370.003.0001"},{"volume-title":"Cabinet ministers and parliamentary government","year":"1994","author":"Laver M.","key":"bibr26-0010414016628189"},{"key":"bibr27-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511625671"},{"key":"bibr28-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119013563"},{"key":"bibr29-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/019829784X.003.0002"},{"key":"bibr30-0010414016628189","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Unlocking the cabinet: Cabinet structures in comparative perspective","author":"Mackie T.","year":"1985"},{"key":"bibr31-0010414016628189","first-page":"16","volume-title":"Unlocking the cabinet: Cabinet structures in comparative perspective","author":"Mackie T.","year":"1985"},{"key":"bibr32-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0092-5853.2004.00053.x"},{"key":"bibr33-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199607884.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr34-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajps.12099"},{"key":"bibr35-0010414016628189","first-page":"249","volume-title":"Parliaments and majority rule in Western Europe","author":"Mattson I.","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr36-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2669261"},{"key":"bibr37-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2110792"},{"key":"bibr38-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0951629811429992"},{"key":"bibr39-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203084045"},{"key":"bibr40-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6765.00515"},{"key":"bibr41-0010414016628189","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Delegation and accountability in parliamentary democracies","author":"M\u00fcller W. C.","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr42-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01402382.2010.486135"},{"key":"bibr43-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198297604.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr44-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198297864.003.0005","volume-title":"Cabinets and coalition bargaining\u2014The democratic life cycle in Western Europe","author":"M\u00fcller W. C.","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr45-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511808678"},{"key":"bibr46-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198297604.003.0008","volume-title":"Coalition governments in Western Europe","author":"Nousiainen J.","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr47-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03187594"},{"key":"bibr48-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198297604.003.0002","volume-title":"Coalition governments in Western Europe","author":"Saalfeld T.","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr49-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0531(74)90098-2"},{"key":"bibr50-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2111461"},{"key":"bibr51-0010414016628189","first-page":"83","volume-title":"Parliaments and majority rule in Western Europe","author":"Str\u00f8m K.","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr52-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6765.00513"},{"key":"bibr53-0010414016628189","first-page":"25","volume-title":"Intra-party politics and coalition governments","author":"Str\u00f8m K.","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr54-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.polisci.10.071105.104340"},{"key":"bibr55-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2669240"},{"key":"bibr56-0010414016628189","first-page":"106","volume-title":"Cabinet ministers and parliamentary government","author":"Timmermans A.","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr57-0010414016628189","first-page":"83","volume-title":"Parliaments and majority rule in Western Europe","author":"Tsebelis G.","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr58-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400831456"},{"key":"bibr59-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1755773913000106"},{"key":"bibr60-0010414016628189","unstructured":"Verba S. (1961). Small groups and political behavior: A study of leadership. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press."},{"key":"bibr61-0010414016628189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6765.2006.00632.x"}],"container-title":["Comparative Political Studies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0010414016628189","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0010414016628189","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0010414016628189","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T14:50:36Z","timestamp":1740840636000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0010414016628189"}},"subtitle":["Strategic Portfolio Allocation and Coalition Governance in Parliamentary Democracies"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,11]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0010414016628189"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0010414016628189","relation":{},"ISSN":["0010-4140","1552-3829"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0010-4140"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1552-3829"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,11]]}}}