{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T08:47:37Z","timestamp":1777538857380,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,1]],"date-time":"2002-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1030838400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Sociology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Ten years after women began to join the Portuguese armed forces, the whole question of gender integration in the military seems to have been almost entirely dismissed as an issue in terms of institutional priorities, political initiative and public awareness. This article addresses some of the factors that may help explain this apparent `eclipse' by focusing on the social, political and organizational contexts of women's military participation. After reviewing the factors that lay behind the decision from within the armed forces to recruit women, as well as the initial reactions on the part of different sectors of Portuguese society, it proceeds with an analysis of military policies regarding the armed forces' new members. Data are presented on the number, relative percentages, institutional location and sociological profile of military women. A content analysis of newspaper articles on the topic of military women published in the course of the last decade completes this empirical scrutiny. Finally, questions are raised concerning the social and political meaning of women's presence in the Portuguese armed forces.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0011392102050005005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,10]],"date-time":"2007-03-10T22:00:47Z","timestamp":1173564047000},"page":"687-714","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Women in the Portuguese Armed Forces: From Visibility to `Eclipse'"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Helena","family":"Carreiras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-23495-0"},{"key":"atypb2","first-page":"85","volume-title":"Managing Diversity in the Armed Forces: Experiences From Nine Countries","author":"Boene, Bernard","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"Mulheres nas For\u0107as Armadas Portuguesas","author":"Carreiras, Helena","year":"1997"},{"key":"atypb4","volume-title":"As Mulheres e a Defesa Nacional","author":"Carrilho, Maria","year":"1990"},{"key":"atypb5","volume-title":"Defesa e Seguran\u0107a no Contexto Internacional. A Opini\u00e3o P\u00fablica Portuguesa","author":"Carrilho, Maria","year":"1998"},{"key":"atypb6","volume-title":"Women, Militarism and War","author":"Elshtain, Jean Bethke","year":"1990"},{"key":"atypb7","volume-title":"Conscripts and Volunteers: Military Requirements, Social Justice and the All-Volunteer Force","author":"Fullinwider, Robert K.","year":"1983"},{"key":"atypb8","first-page":"38","volume-title":"The European Military in Transition","author":"Haltiner, Karl W.","year":"1998"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/9781685855611","volume-title":"Women and the Use of Military Force","author":"Howes, Ruth H.","year":"1993"},{"key":"atypb10","volume-title":"As For\u0107as Armadas em Tempo de Mudan\u0107a","author":"Matos, Luis Salgado","year":"2001"},{"key":"atypb11","volume-title":"Viver nas For\u0107as Armadas","author":"MDN (Ministry for National Defence)"},{"key":"atypb12","volume-title":"A Defesa Nacional e a Profissionaliza\u0107\u00e3o das For\u0107as Armadas","author":"MDN (Ministry for National Defence)","year":"1998"},{"key":"atypb13","volume-title":"Anu\u00e1rio Estat\u00edstico da Defesa Nacional","author":"MDN (Ministry for National Defence)","year":"1998"},{"key":"atypb14","volume-title":"Anu\u00e1rio Estat\u00edstico da Defesa Nacional","author":"MDN (Ministry for National Defence)","year":"2000"},{"key":"atypb15","volume-title":"The Military: More Than Just a Job?","author":"Moskos, Charles C.","year":"1988"},{"issue":"16","key":"atypb16","author":"Pereira, Helena","year":"2001","journal-title":"P\u00fablico"},{"issue":"8","key":"atypb17","author":"Reis, Ivone","year":"1978","journal-title":"Baluarte"},{"key":"atypb18","volume-title":"Les Femmes, la violence et l'arm\u00e9e","author":"Reynaud, Emmanuel","year":"1988"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-23495-0_2"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Segal\n                      , David R. (1986) `Measuring the Institutional\/Occupational Change Thesis',\n                      Armed Forces and Society\n                      12(3): 351-376.","DOI":"10.1177\/0095327X8601200302"},{"key":"atypb21","first-page":"200","volume-title":"Conscripts and Volunteers: Military Requirements, Social Justice and the All-Volunteer Force","author":"Segal, Mady W.","year":"1983"},{"key":"atypb22","volume-title":"Women and the Use of Military Force","author":"Segal, Mady W.","year":"1993"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089124395009006008"},{"key":"atypb24","first-page":"99","volume-title":"The Military: More Than Just a Job?","author":"Shields, Patricia M.","year":"1988"},{"key":"atypb25","volume-title":"Managing Diversity in the Armed Forces: Experiences From Nine Countries","author":"Soeters, Joseph","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb26","volume-title":"Women in the NATO Forces - Year in Review 1998","author":"The Advisory Committee on Women in the NATO Forces","year":"1998"},{"key":"atypb27","volume-title":"Janus 98. As For\u0107as Armadas no Novo Contexto Internacional","author":"UAL (Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Lisboa)","year":"1998"},{"key":"atypb28","volume-title":"The European Military in Transition","author":"Vlachov\u00e1, Marie","year":"1998"},{"key":"atypb29","first-page":"27","volume-title":"The Military: More Than Just a Job?","author":"Wood, Frank R.","year":"1988"}],"container-title":["Current Sociology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0011392102050005005","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0011392102050005005","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T17:12:22Z","timestamp":1777396342000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0011392102050005005"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0011392102050005005"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0011392102050005005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0011-3921","1461-7064"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0011-3921","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7064","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]}}}