{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T19:03:13Z","timestamp":1777489393657,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,27]],"date-time":"2013-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Cellular Plastics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Rigid polyurethane (RPU) foams have been synthesized using lignin-based polyols obtained by oxypropylation of four distinct lignins (Alcell, Indulin AT, Curan 27-11P, and Sarkanda). Polyol formulations with two lignin\/propylene oxide\/catalyst content (L\/PO\/C) ratios were chosen (30\/70\/2 and 20\/80\/5). RPU foams have been prepared with a polyol component that incorporates the lignin-based one at contents ranging from 25 to 100%. A 100% commercial polyol-based (Lupranol\u00ae 3323) RPU foam was also prepared and used as the reference. RPU foams were characterized in terms of density, compressive modulus, and conductivity. Cell morphology and size estimation were accessed by scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, biodegradation of the Alcell- and Indulin AT-based foams was evaluated using respirometry tests in liquid and solid media. The Alcell- and Indulin AT-based polyols together with the 20\/80\/5 Curan 27-11P-based one led to RPU foams with properties quite similar to those of the reference homolog. Biodegradation seems to be, particularly, favored if using Indulin AT-based polyols mixed with Lupranol\u00ae 3323.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0021955x13504774","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,28]],"date-time":"2013-09-28T00:05:24Z","timestamp":1380326724000},"page":"81-95","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Lignin-based rigid polyurethane foams with improved biodegradation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Carolina A","family":"Cateto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering (LSRE), Associate Laboratory LSRE\/LCM, Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a, Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering (LSRE), Associate Laboratory LSRE\/LCM, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratoire de G\u00e9nie des Proc\u00e9d\u00e9s Papetiers (UMR 5518 \u2013 CNRS), Grenoble INP, Domaine universitaire, St. Martin d'H\u00e8res, France"}]},{"given":"Maria F","family":"Barreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering (LSRE), Associate Laboratory LSRE\/LCM, Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a, Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Ottati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Tecnol\u00f3gico del Uruguay (LATU), Montevideo, Uruguay"},{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica, Montevideo, Uruguay"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Lopretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Tecnol\u00f3gico del Uruguay (LATU), Montevideo, Uruguay"},{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica, Montevideo, Uruguay"}]},{"given":"Al\u00edrio E","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering (LSRE), Associate Laboratory LSRE\/LCM, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mohamed N","family":"Belgacem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de G\u00e9nie des Proc\u00e9d\u00e9s Papetiers (UMR 5518 \u2013 CNRS), Grenoble INP, Domaine universitaire, St. Martin d'H\u00e8res, France"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0021955X13504774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203506141.ch7"},{"key":"bibr2-0021955X13504774","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8.1","DOI":"10.1201\/9781482273984","volume-title":"Szycher\u2019s handbook of polyurethanes","author":"Szychers M","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr3-0021955X13504774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2010.11.020"},{"key":"bibr4-0021955X13504774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c0gc00789g"},{"key":"bibr5-0021955X13504774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2010.01.001"},{"key":"bibr6-0021955X13504774","volume-title":"Monomers, polymers and composites from renewable resources","author":"Belgacem NM","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr7-0021955X13504774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-045316-3.00010-7"},{"key":"bibr8-0021955X13504774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021070006895"},{"key":"bibr9-0021955X13504774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2010.10.022"},{"key":"bibr10-0021955X13504774","first-page":"1","volume":"232","author":"Hatakeyama H","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv Polym Sci"},{"key":"bibr11-0021955X13504774","first-page":"243","volume-title":"Monomers, polymers and composites from renewable resources","author":"Belgacem MN","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr12-0021955X13504774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-0643-0_4"},{"key":"bibr13-0021955X13504774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ie801251r"},{"key":"bibr14-0021955X13504774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mame.200500200"},{"key":"bibr15-0021955X13504774","first-page":"3347","volume":"2","author":"Yang L","year":"2012","journal-title":"RCS Adv"},{"key":"bibr16-0021955X13504774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02773813.2011.652795"},{"key":"bibr17-0021955X13504774","unstructured":"Kurple KR. 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