{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T11:41:25Z","timestamp":1762429285262,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,21]],"date-time":"2017-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505952000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Cellular Plastics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The aim of this study is to evaluate the possibility of using unrefined crude glycerol (CG), a byproduct of the biodiesel industry, in the production of polyurethane foams. In order to assess the suitability of this raw material for the production of polyurethane foams, two samples of crude glycerol with different compositions in glycerol, fatty acids, and methyl esters were used directly, without any pretreatment or purification. Additionally, one of these samples was also submitted to a pre-treatment step in order to evaluate the advantage of purifying the raw material and, for comparison, pure glycerol was also used to prepare polyurethane foams. Both chemical and structural characterizations of the produced foams, as well as the thermomechanical properties determined, showed that unrefined crude glycerol is a suitable ecopolyol for the production of polyurethane foams. Although the presence of fatty acids and esters affects their mechanical performance, this issue can be explored to tune the properties of the ensuing polyurethane foams. Furthermore, the evaluation of the impact of using unrefined CG on the sustainability of polyurethane foams production yielded promising results. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0021955x17732304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,21]],"date-time":"2017-09-21T11:17:12Z","timestamp":1505992632000},"page":"633-649","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Effect of unrefined crude glycerol composition on the properties of polyurethane foams"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Nuno V","family":"Gama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Belinda","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen SR","family":"Freire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sapec-Qu\u00edmica SA, Ovar, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Artur","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials and Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gest\u00e3o de \u00c1gueda, \u00c1gueda, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Barros-Timmons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0021955X17732304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2013.06.017"},{"key":"bibr2-0021955X17732304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2014.10.091"},{"key":"bibr3-0021955X17732304","unstructured":"Solvay. 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